1. Chapter 4 Material Safety Data Sheets

2. Important Abbreviations
(PEL): permissible exposure limit (by OSHA)
(REL): recommended exposure limit (by NIOSH) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
(TLV): threshold limit value, The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists).
(mg/m3): milligrams of dust or vapor per cubic meter of air.
(TWA): time weighted average) - concentration averaged over an eight-hour day.
Vapor Density (air=1)

3. The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires manufacturers or distributors of hazardous materials to assess the physical and health hazards of the chemical or product
This information must be included in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), which must be provided to the purchaser of the product with at least the initial shipment of the chemical
Outlined in the Hazard Communication Standard, Code of Federal Regulations (29CFR)

4. An MSDS must be obtained and maintained for every chemical/product used in the workplace
The MSDSs must be accessible to all personnel during their work hours

5. The MSDS is typically organized into individual sections
NOTE! Not all MSDSs are the same! Section numbers and contents can vary with each MSDS

6. MSDS’s (previously) Information that is currently required on a MSDS:
Identity used on the label
Physical & chemical characteristics
Physical hazards
Health hazards
Primary routes of entry
Exposure limits
Carcinogenic information
Safe handling
Control measures (PPE)
Emergency & First Aid procedures
Date of preparation
Chemical contact info
MSDS’s have been changed to Safety Data Sheets.

7. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) In GHS
The SDS should provide comprehensive information about a chemical substance or mixture.
Primary Use: The Workplace
Employers and workers use the SDS as a source of information about hazards and to obtain advice on safety precautions.
1. Identification of the substance or mixture and of the supplier.
2. Hazards identification.
3. Composition/information on ingredients.
4. First aid measures.
5. Firefighting measures.
Accidental release measures.
Chemical Mfg. and importers following ANSI Z400.1 for safety data sheets should already have the appropriate format so will only be required to make small modifications. Items of primary interest to exposed employees and emergency responders are presented at the beginning of the SDS; more technical information is presented in the later sections.

8. 7. Handling and storage.
8. Exposure controls/personal protection.
9. Physical and chemical properties
10. Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological information
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information including information on preparation and revision of the SDS

9. Section 1 – Substance & Supplier Identification
Identifies the chemical on the SDS as well as the recommended uses.
It also provides the essential contact information of the supplier:
Product identifier used on the label.
Any other common names.
Name, address, phone number of the manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party.
Emergency phone number.

10. Section 2- Hazards Identification
Identifies the hazards of the chemical presented on the SDS and the appropriate warning information associated with those hazards:
The hazard classification of the chemical
Signal word.
Hazard statement(s).
Pictograms
Precautionary statement(s)
Description of any hazards not otherwise classified
Notes of Abbrev:
STOT-SE: Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure )
CAS: Chemical abstract service

11. Section 3 – Composition/Information on Ingredients
Identifies the ingredient(s) contained in the product. This section includes information on substances, mixtures, and all chemicals where a trade secret is claimed:
Chemical name.
Common name and synonyms.
For mixtures, the chemical name and concentration (i.e., exact percentage) of all ingredients which are classified as health hazards.
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number and other unique identifiers.

12. Section 4 – First Aid Measures
Describes the initial care that should be given by untrained responders to an individual who has been exposed to the chemical:
Necessary first-aid instructions by relevant routes of exposure (inhalation, skin and eye contact, and ingestion).
Description of the most important symptoms or effects, and any symptoms that are acute or delayed.
Recommendations for immediate medical care and special treatment needed, when necessary.

13. Section 5 – Fire Fighting Measures
Provides recommendations for fighting a fire caused by the chemical:
Recommendations of suitable extinguishing equipment, and information about extinguishing equipment that is not appropriate for a particular situation.
Advice on specific hazards that develop from the chemical during the fire, such as any hazardous combustion products created when the chemical burns.
Recommendations on special protective equipment or precautions for firefighters.

14. Section 6 – Accidental Release Measures
Provides recommendations on the appropriate response to spills, leaks, or releases, including containment and cleanup practices to prevent or minimize exposure to people, properties, or the environment:
Use of personal precautions and protective equipment
Emergency procedures, and appropriate protective clothing
Methods and materials used for containment
Cleanup procedures (e.g., appropriate techniques for neutralization, decontamination, cleaning or vacuuming; adsorbent materials; and/or equipment required for containment/clean up)

15. Section 7 – Handling & Storage
Provides guidance on the safe handling practices and conditions for safe storage of chemicals:
Precautions for safe handling, including recommendations for handling incompatible chemicals, minimizing the release of the chemical into the environment, and providing advice on general hygiene practices (e.g., eating, drinking, and smoking in work areas is prohibited)
Recommendations on the conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

16. Section 8 – Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Indicates the exposure limits, engineering controls, and personal protective measures that can be used to minimize worker exposure:
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), and any other exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer
Appropriate engineering controls .
Recommendations for personal protective measures to prevent illness or injury from exposure to chemicals.
Any special requirements for PPE, protective clothing or respirators .

17. Section 9 – Physical & Chemical Properties
Identifies physical and chemical properties associated with the substance or mixture including but not limited to the following:
Appearance (physical state, color, etc.)
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits
Odor
Vapor pressure
Vapor density pH
Flash point

18. Section 10 – Stability & Reactivity
Describes the reactivity hazards of the chemical and the chemical stability information:
Description of the specific test data for the chemical(s).
Indication of whether the chemical is stable or unstable under normal ambient temperature and conditions while in storage and being handled.
List of all conditions that should be avoided and all classes of incompatible materials with which the chemical could react to produce a hazardous situation.

19. Section 11 – Toxicological Information
Identifies toxicological and health effects information or indicates that such data are not available:
Information on the likely routes of exposure
Description of the delayed, immediate, or chronic effectsالاثار المزمنة from short- and long-term exposure
The numerical measures of toxicity (e.g., acute toxicity estimates such as the LD50 (median lethal dose).
Description of the symptoms وصف الأعراض .
Indication of whether the chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographsدراسات or found to be a potential carcinogen by OSHA

20. Section 12 – Ecological Information المعلومات البيئية
Provides information to evaluate the environmental impact of the chemical(s) if it were released to the environment:
Data from toxicity tests performed on aquatic organisms.
Whether there is a potential for the chemical to persist تستمر and degrade تتحلل in the environment.
Results of tests of bioaccumulation potential.
The potential for a substance to move from the soil to the groundwater.
Other adverse effects.
Effects on plants and animals, ultimate environmental disposition. OSHA will not enforce the content of sections because they concern matters handled by other agencies.

21. Section 13 – Disposal Considerations
Provides guidance on proper disposal practices, recycling or reclamation استصلاحof the chemical(s) or its container, and safe handling practices:
Description of appropriate disposal containers to use.
Recommendations of appropriate disposal methods to employ.
Description of the physical and chemical properties that may affect disposal activities.
Language discouraging sewage disposal.
Any special precautions for landfills or incineration activities

22. Section 14 – Transport Information
Provides guidance on classification information for shipping and transporting of hazardous chemical(s) by road, air, rail, or sea:
UN number.
UN proper shipping name.
Transport hazard class(es).
Packing group number.
Any special precautions which an employee should be aware of or needs to comply with, in connection with transport or conveyance either within or outside their premises أماكن العمل.

23. Section 15 – Regulatory information
Identifies the safety, health, and environmental regulations specific for the product that is not indicated anywhere else on the SDS
Any national and/or regional regulatory information of the chemical or mixtures (including any OSHA, Department of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, or Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations)
Classification under federal, state and international regulations. EU risk and safety phrases.

24. Section 16 - Other information
Indicates when the SDS was prepared or when the last known revision was made. Other useful information also may be included here
In preparing an SDS, the chemical mfg. when they become aware of any significant information regarding the hazards of a chemical, or ways to protect against the hazard, this new info must be added to the SDS within 3 months.; they get 6 months to update labels.

25. OSHA Defined & Listed Hazard Classes Pyrophoric Gases
Include the OSHA hazards
OSHA Defined & Listed Hazard Classes
Pyrophoric Gases
Combustible Dusts
Simple Asphyxiant
Hazards Not Otherwise
Classified

26. Safety Data Sheets
GHS requires a 16-section Safety Data Sheet that will include more extensive information than what OSHA and Canada's Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) currently require.

27. Example of SDS Tiepolo-aluminium-cleaner

28. GHS Point Of Use Exemptions
Pharmaceuticals
Food Additives
Cosmetics
Pesticide Residues in food
As noted earlier, these items are not covered by GHS at the point of use, but are covered where there is the potential for worker exposure as well as in transportation.

29. When is the SDS updated?
SDSs are required to be accurate at the time of sale. An SDS will be required to be updated when the supplier becomes aware of any "significant new data“:
When there is new information that changes how the hazardous product is classified.
When there are changes to the way you will handle or store or protect yourself from the hazards of the product.
SDSs will be required to be updated within 90 days of the supplier being aware of the new information.
If you purchaseبيع a product within this 90 day time period, the supplier must inform you of the significant new data and the date on which it became available in writing.

30. How will I know if an SDS has been updated?
Every SDS must provide a date of last revision in Section 16 – Other Information.
You will know if an SDS has been updated by checking this date, and comparing it to the one on any previous SDS you have.
Note that there is no requirement for the supplier to provide an updated SDS to past purchasers of a hazardous product.
However, it continues to be good practice to provide this information to purchasers who may still be using the product.

31. Dose employers have responsibilities for SDSs?
Yes.
Employers will be required to make sure that all hazardous products have an up-to-date SDS when it enters the workplace.
The SDSs must be readily available to: the workers who are exposed to the hazardous product, and to the health and safety committee or representative.
Employers may computerize the SDS information so all employees have access to and are trained on how to use the computer or device.

32. Why is my SDS so hard to understand?
SDSs have many different audiences including occupational hygienists علماء الصحة and safety professionals, employers, supervisors, nurses, doctors, emergency responders, and workers.
Information directed toward these various users are listed in specific sections.

33. Is all the information I need on the SDS?
Not necessarily.
A lot of health hazard information, for example, is written in general terms.
In addition, SDSs are often written for many different uses or applications of the product, and the handling and safety precautions may not be specific to your workplace.
Your health and safety committee or representative, health and safety specialist, occupational health nurse or family doctor, supervisor, employer, or supplier should be able to help you find more information if needed.

34. What does "not available" or "not applicable" mean when I see these on the SDS?
With the exception of Sections 12-15, the supplier is required to provide information on each specific information element required on the SDS.
In some cases, it may be appropriate for the supplier to state “not available” or “not applicable” instead of providing the specific information.
"Not available" means that the information could not be located غير مكتشفة or does not exist. (eg odour threshold)
"Not applicable" means that the information element is not relevant. For example, if the product is odourless, then the odour threshold would be reported as "Not applicable".
Note that the supplier should not use the abbreviation "n.a." or "NA" without defining it, as it could mean "not applicable" or "not available" or something entirely different.

35. As a worker, when would I use an SDS?
Always be familiar with the hazards of a product before you start using it.
You should look at an SDS, match the name of the product on the container to the one on the SDS, know the hazards, understand safe handling and storage instructions, as well as understand what to do in an emergency.

36. You can think of the SDS as having four main purposes
You can think of the SDS as having four main purposes. It provides information on:
Identification: for the product and supplier.
Hazards: physical (fire and reactivity) and health.
Prevention: steps you can take to work safely, reduce or prevent exposure, or in an emergency.
Response: appropriate responses in various situations (e.g., first-aid, fire, accidental release).
For most people who work with hazardous products, you should always:
read the name of the chemical (Section 1),
know the hazards (Section 2),
understand safe handling and storage instructions (Section 7), and
understand what to do in an emergency (Sections 4, 5 and 6).

37. REMEMBER SDS’s are NOT Risk Assessments!
They make no distinction between a gram and a tonne of a substance.
When using substances you must carry out a risk assessment but use the information in SDS’s to help you.
Controls should be proportional to risk!
Not all SDS’s contain comprehensive. information, although they should have!
If in doubt, always consult an expert.

38. SDS Video
Video

39. Precautionary Statements
Let’s Review the Label Elements for Shipped Containers
Product ID
Pictogram
Signal Word
Hazard Statements
You should recall from your previous training that the revised OSHA HCS has mandated specific label requirements for shipped containers. By December 1, 2015, all shipped products must have labels with these elements. Brief descriptions are provided below for further review. Please consult the OSHA HCS for details.
Product Identifier: name or number used for a hazardous chemical on a label or in the SDS. It provides a unique means by which the user can identify the chemical.
Chemical identity chemical name, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number, or any other information that reveals the precise chemical designation of the substance.
Contact information: Name, address, telephone o f chemical MFR, importer or other responsible party
Pictogram: picture/icon used to convey specific information about the hazards of a chemical.
Signal word: indicates the relative level of severity of hazard. Danger or Warning depending on the category of the hazard..
Standardized Hazard Statements –For example Extremely Flammable Liquid.
Precautionary statements – guidance on recommended measures for proper handling of chemical substances and mixtures. Prevention, Response, Storage and Disposal.
Precautionary Statements

40. Relationship Between Safety Data Sheets and Labels
Container labels provide initial critical information regarding the safe handling and use of hazardous chemicals.
SDSs provide more detailed information, essentially a complete summary of all the known hazard and precautionary information associated with the material
Given the sweeping changes to the SDS and the more modest changes to the industrial product labels, it is important to understand the continuing relationship between the two!
Container labels provide the initial critical hazard information necessary to ensure safe use.
The SDS provides the detailed summary of all that is known about the hazardous chemical.
Many employers also utilize IN-PLANT labeling systems like HMIS to further summarize hazard information and train employees to understand how to protect themselves during their use. Some in-plant labeling systems will incorporate GHS pictograms, in this case the pictograms may use a black boarder.

41. The Basic Flowchart Hazard Communication:
Before we get into reviewing label requirements, SDSs and the HMIS®, it is a good idea to revisit the basics of “Hazard Communication.” There are really three (3) steps that are required:
Chemical product manufacturers (including paint companies) need to classify the hazard of their products and prepare labels and SDSs based on that classification.
Once labels and SDSs are received, employers need to prepare a written hazard communication program, including a description of how information will be managed and made available and how employees will be trained.
That hazard communication program must be implemented, ensuring that chemicals are labeled properly in the workplace, SDSs are available, and employees are trained to know how the program operates and how information can be accessed.
It is important to note that OSHA will evaluate the effectiveness of the compliance effort based on how well each of these elements has been addressed. Finally, it is also important for employers to keep their hazard communication program “up-to-date,” integrating new information received in a timely manner.
The HMIS® is a primary mean to comply with the in-plant labeling requirement of the OSHA HCS.

42. Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response
هذا الجزء مطلوب من هنا لنهاية الفصل

43. I) HIMS System Let’s Test Your Knowledge!
What does the (*) in the Health block mean?
Chronic health hazard * 2 1
What does the Physical Hazard block represent?
Self-reactives, organic peroxides, explosives, compressed gases and oxidizers
Whether you have specific experience with HMIS®, you have probably seen one of these labels. Let’s see if you can answer these questions.
What does the (*) mean in the Health block? The (*) signals the fact that a chronic hazard is associated with the material and indicates that additional information on the hazard is available on the product SDS or manufacturer’s label.
What does the Physical Hazard block represent? Physical Hazard represents those materials containing any of the following properties: self-reactive, organic peroxide, explosive, compressed gas, pyrophoric, and oxidizer. The acute health, flammability, and physical hazard ratings are numerical. They are expressed on a scale from 0 to 4, with 0 denoting a minimal hazard and 4 denoting a severe hazard.
The Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

44. HMIS® Introduction
The Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS): is a numerical hazard rating that incorporates the use of labels with color developed by the American Coatings Association as a compliance aid for the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
The HMIS® uses a combination of colors, numbers and personal protection equipment (PPE) codes to communicate the hazards of the chemicals you work with and show you how to safely handle those chemicals.
You will find these labels on each chemical container in your workplace, so it’s important to understand what these labels communicate!
HMIS® labels — and similar labeling systems — provide hazard warning information for those who USE and STORE chemicals.

45. HMIS® Label Each label will contain information on: Health hazards
Flammability
Physical Hazards
PPE
This label is representative of what you may see in your workplace
With a quick glanceبلمحة سريعة of the label, you should be able to determine how hazardous the material is and what precautions to take.
HMIS hazard ratings are provided on the IN-PLANT label shown here. New information provided under the Revised HCS (labels and SDS) will still allow employers to assign the HMIS hazard ratings for use on these labels. In addition, the “personal protection” designations and/or icons can still be used to direct employees to the site-specific requirements for that material.

46. What Does Each Label Block Tell Me?
Each of the four colors stands for a different kind of hazard.
The numbers indicate how serious the potential hazard is and the White block tells you what type of PPE to wear when handling the material
Ratings are on a scale of 0-4, with 0 denoting a minimal hazard and 4 denoting a severe hazard * 2 3 1

47. The Blue Health block * 2 3 1
The Blue Health block tells you if the chemical is a chronic hazard by the presence of the (*) and the level of severity (0-4) of any acute hazards associated with the material.

48. There are a lot of ways you can come in contact with a chemical:
You can get it on your hands
It can splash تتدفق and soak تنغمر through your clothes or get in your eyes
Or you can breath the dust or vapors

49. Health Hazard Ratings
There are also a lot of different ways that contact with a material can affect your health:
Some may cause health problems immediately and are called ACUTE hazards. Some examples of acute hazards are materials that give you a headache or cause a chemical burn.
Other materials are CHRONIC hazards and may cause health issues with repeated exposure. Cancer and lung disease are two examples.

50. Health Hazard Ratings
The (*) in the Health block is used for health hazards with clear evidence of health effects from repeated overexposure, including carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, emphysema انتفاخ الرئة or kidney damage and target organ toxicity.
The hazard rating (0-4) in the Health block are used to communicate information on immediate health effects including irritants, skin sensitizers, corrosives and acute toxicity

51. HEALTH RATINGS FROM FACILITY
Lead
Water
Acetic acid
diethyl ether
Give examples specific to your facility for each of the hazard ratings listed above.
Sulfuric Acid
Hydrogen
Cyanide

52. The Red Flammability block* 2 3 1
The Red Flammability block tells you about the presence and severity (0-4) of things that will burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion based on flash point and boiling point data.

53. FLAMMABILITY RATINGS
Water Canola oil زيت بذور اللفت أو الخردل أو الكرنب Diesel Fuel Kerosene Propane
Give examples specific to your facility for each of the hazard ratings listed above.

54. The Orange Physical Hazard block
The Orange Physical Hazard block tells you about the presence and severity (0-4) of materials with these properties: self-reactive, organic peroxide, explosive, compressed gas, or oxidizer. * 2 3 1

55. PHYSICAL HAZARDS Rating
Water, Helium propene potassium, sodium ammonium nitrate , chlorine dioxide, nitroglycerin
Give examples specific to your facility for each of the hazard ratings listed above.

56. Which one is properly labeled?
Expectations of labeling
Pic on left is bad. Multiple names of chemicals, no warning information
Pic on right is good. Full chemical name as well as legible and with warning information.

57. White/Personal Protection
This is by far the largest area of difference between the NFPA and HMIS systems.
In the NFPA system: the white area is used to convey special hazards whereas HMIS uses the white section to indicate what personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used when working with the material.
The poster below describes the letter codes and corresponding PPE.

63. Least Effective Control: PPE
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
This is equipment or clothing to protect the worker, such as respirators, eye goggles, gloves, knee pads, hard hats, steel toed shoes, harnesses.
It can include respirators, and protective wear for the eyes, ears, and face, gloves, and protective rope.

64. National Fire Protection Association الجمعية الوطنية للحماية من الحرائق

65. II) NFPA 704
What is NFPA 704?
The NFPA 704 standard protects the health and safety of individuals who respond to fire and chemical emergencies in facilities or storage locations where the hazards of materials are not readily apparent or known.
The NFPA provides a simple, readily recognized, easily understood system for identifying the specific hazards of a material and the severity of the hazard that would occur during an emergency response.

66. The system addresses the health, flammability, instability, and special hazards presented from short‐term, acute exposures that could occur as a result of a fire, spill, or similar emergency.
The NFPA 704 standard is widely used and recognized by fire and emergency responders and safety personnel for identifying the hazards of short term/acute exposure to materials under conditions of fire, spill, or similar emergencies.
OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) provides information for workers exposed to materials primarily under normal conditions of use.

67. NFPA Label

68. Susceptibility of Material to Burning
Flammability (Red)
Susceptibility of Material to Burning

69. Type of Possible Injury.
Health Hazard (Blue)
Type of Possible Injury.

70. Instability or Reactivity (Yellow)
Susceptibility of Material to Burning.

71. Special Precautions Protective Gear Required (white)