1. Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things
UNIT 1
Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

2. 2.1 Plant Cells, Tissues and Organs
Learning Objectives:
To explain how plant cells specialize to form different kinds of plant tissues.
Understand the links between specialized cells, tissues, organs, and systems in plants.
Keywords:
Cell Specialization
Cell Differentiation
Tissue
Organ
Meristematic cell
Transpiration
Gall

3. 2.1 Plant Cells, Tissues, and Organs
(Page 57)
Cell Specialization – the process by which cells develop from similar cells into cells that have specific functions within a multicellular organism
Cells specialize as a result of producing different proteins.
Different genes code for different proteins.
Cell Differentiation – a stage of development of a living organism during which specialized cells form.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

4. Specialized Cells and Tissues in Plants
(Page 58)
Tissue – a cluster of similar cells that share the same specialized structure and function
Organ – a combination of several types of tissue working together to perform a specific function
Meristematic Cell – an unspecialized plant cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell
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5. Specialized Cells and Tissues in Plants
(Page 58)
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6. Repair , Replacement , and Growth
(Page 59)
“Buds” and “Type of Growth”
The plant grows upward, “getting taller.”
The chemical Auxin prevents lateral buds from growing by silencing gene expression
The plant grows outward or “thickens.”
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7. Parts of a Leaf (Pages 60-62)
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

8. Transpiration
(Page 61)
Transpiration – the evaporation of water from the leaves through the stomata
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

9. Chloroplasts
(Page 63)
Chloroplasts – the organelles within plant cells that use the Sun’s energy to chemically convert carbon into glucose (called photosynthesis).
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10. Photosynthesis Review
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11. Plant Organs 1 – Leaf 2 – Stems
(Page 64)
A plant’s stem has two main functions:
1. physical support
2. transportation of sap
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12. 3 – Roots A plant’s root has three main functions:
(Page 65)
A plant’s root has three main functions:
1. to anchor the plant in the ground
2. to take up water and minerals from
the soil
3. to store energy and nutrient
supplies for later use
Types of Roots
Tap Root
Fibrous Root
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13. Stems and Roots (Pages 64-65)
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14. 4 – Flowers
(Page 68)
The main function of a plant’s flowers is reproductive. Flowers:
produce sperm and eggs for sexual reproduction
attract insects and other animals for pollination
produce seeds and sometimes fruit after pollination
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

15. Plants Under Attack: “Diseases of Plants”
(Page 66-67)
Magnified Rust Spores
Galls
Brown Rust
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