1. Ch. 12- Europe “The Peninsula of Peninsulas”

2. Ch. 12.1 “Landforms and Resources”
Peninsulas and Islands
Northern Peninsulas (Norway & Sweden)
Fjords: steep u-shaped valleys, cut by glaciers, provide excellent harbors for fishing boats
Jutland Peninsula

3. 2. Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula

4. 3. Islands
Great Britain
Iceland
Greenland
*Both Iceland and Greenland were settled by Scandinavians: people who are from Norway and /or Sweden

5. Mountains and Uplands Mountains in Europe separate groups of people
Alps

6. Mountains and Uplands Cont.
Hills or very low mountains that may also contain mesas and high plateaus
Kjolen Mountains (Scandinavia)
Brittany (France)
Meseta (Spain)
Massif (Central France)
Meseta Mountains

7. Rivers “Europe's Links”
Rivers used to transport goods and ideas between coastal harbors and inland
Two major rivers:
Rhine River
Danube River

8. Fertile Plains Northern European Plain
One of the most fertile agricultural areas of the world
Stretches across France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Poland

9. Resources Two most abundant are coal and iron ore.
Ruhr Valley (Germany)
Alsace-Lorraine (France)
North Sea Floor holds deposits of oil and Natural Gas
Peat: partially decayed plant matter that is found in bogs

10. 12.2 “Climate and Vegetation”
Westerly Winds control the cold temp on Atlantic coast of Europe
North Atlantic Drift: warm water flows near Europe’s West Coast
Alps create harsh climate zone by trapping weather systems
high elevation = colder climate

11. Mediterranean From Southern Spain to Greece
Mistral: cold dry wind from north
Sirocco: hot steady wind blows from N. Africa to S. Europe

12. Land of the Midnight Sun
Northern Scandinavia
Land is permafrost
No trees, moss or lichen
Winter nights long, days short
Summer days long, nights short

14. 12.3 “Human Environment Interaction”
Dutch Netherlands
Much of land is below sea level therefore prone to floods

15. Netherlands Seaworks: structures used to control the sea
Dikes: earthen dams
Polders: process that reclaim land by diking and draining
Terpens: platforms that provide safety during floods or high tides
Zuider Zee- arm of the N. Sea, now freshwater lake
Terpens

16. Venice
Movement of people and goods is dependent upon using the 150+ canals
Weight of buildings is compressing the ground forcing the city to sink
Pollution from sewer, boats, saltwater

17. Deforestation Forests cleared for fuel, or for building structures
Acid Rains, by product of waste emissions (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide)