1. Psychological Health
Chapter Three

2. Defining Psychological Health
Mental Health is defined as:

3. Defining Psychological Health
Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being”
Studied very successful people
He determined a hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs (most urgent)
Safety
Being loved
Maintaining self-esteem
Self-actualization* (least urgent?)

4. Self-Actualization (A Closer Look)
Maslow concluded that visibly successful people achieved self-actualization & that they share the following qualities:
Realism
Acceptance
Self-image
Self-esteem
Autonomy
Authenticity
Intimacy
Creativity

5. ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter Three
©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

6. Dealing with life’s challenges

7. Erikson's Eight Stages of Personality Development
Psychological Growth Occurs as a series of steps
Trust versus mistrust
Autonomy versus shame and self-doubt
Initiative versus guilt
Industry versus inferiority
Identity versus identity confusion
Intimacy versus isolation
Generativity versus self-absorption
Integrity versus despair

8. Self-esteem

9. Achieving Healthy Self-Esteem
When does it begin and what does it involve?
Developing a Positive Self-Concept
Ideally begins in childhood
Based on experiences inside and outside family
Involves integration
Involves stability

10. Achieving Healthy Self-Esteem
How to achieve a healthy self-esteem
Notice patterns of thought
Avoid focusing on the negative
Develop realistic self-talk
Maintain honest communication

11. Psychological & Mood disorders

12. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders Simple/specific phobia
Social phobia

13. Anxiety (Fear) Disorders Panic disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety (Fear) Disorders
Panic disorders
Anxiety is another word for fear, esp. a feeling of fear that is not in response to any definite threat

14. Anxiety Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD)
Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)

15. Mood Disorders Depression Feeling of sadness and hopelessness
Most common mood disorder
Affects young and older adults
Takes the form of:
Feeling of sadness and hopelessness
Loss of pleasure
Poor appetite, weight loss
Insomnia
Restlessness
Thoughts of worthlessness
Trouble concentrating
Thoughts of death or suicide

16. Warning Signs of Suicide
Expressing the ‘wish’ to be dead
Increasing social withdrawal/isolation
Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood
Previous history of attempts

17. Treating Depression Depends on severity and persons risk of suicide
Antidepressants
Prescribed for Anxiety, PTSD, OCD, eating disorders, etc.
Prozac, paxil
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

18. Mood Disorders
Mania and Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder

19. Psychological Disorders
Schizophrenia
General characteristics

20. Facts About Suicide In the U.S. suicide is higher in men
White men over 65 have highest rate
Women attempt 3X as many suicides as men, men succeed at more than 3X rate of women

21. Physiological Basis for Psychological Disorders
Neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine alter the overall responsiveness of the brain and are responsible for mood, level of attentiveness and other psychological states
Many psychological disorders are related to problems with neurotransmitters and their receptors and drug treatments frequently target them.

22. Models of Human Nature and Therapeutic Change
Four Perspectives can be applied to psychological disorders each with a distinct view of human nature

23. Models of Human Nature and Therapeutic Change
Biological
Behavioral
Cognitive