1. Stakeholder Expert Group on the Review of EU Air Policy 6-7 June 2011
Overview of the Present
EU Air Pollution Policy Framework

2. Focus Analytical framework Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005)
Business as Usual 2020
Objectives
Sectoral Actions
Benefits costs
Distance to Target (Gap Closure)
[State of the Environment]
[Implementation status]
Q&A

3. Air quality – complex but mastered

4. Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005) Objectives
Review CAFÉ (COM (2001) 245)
Establish a Thematic Strategy for Air Pollution (~ EAP*)
Assess progress against EAP objectives
“to attain levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on, and risks to human health and the environment”
Pursue options for achieving strategic objectives
Environment: ~ no exceedance of critical loads and levels.
Health ~ reduce levels of exposure (no safe levels known). . 4

5. Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005) Findings related to the 2020 baseline
Significant progress since 1990 in reducing NOx, SO2, VOC, NH3
Environment problems will persist in 2020
2/3 of the Scandinavian water still at risk from acid deposition
Some 55% of all EU ecosystems continue suffering from eutrophication
Forest affected by excessive levels of ozone reduced by (only) 14%
Health impacts will persist in 2020
Loss in life expectancy (PM2.5) reduced to around 5.5 months (from 8)
Still around 21,000 cases of hastened mortality due to ground level ozone
Monetized impacts equivalent to € billion per annum
Taking no further action is not an option.
Maximum Technically Feasible Reduction Scenario cannot deliver 6EAP objectives. 5

6. Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005) New (Interim) Objectives
Reduce pollutant concentrations by
75% for PM2,5
60% for GLO
Reduce pollutant emissions compared to 1990
59% for primary PM2,5
82% for SO2
60% for NOx
51% for VOC
27% for NH3
To reduce exposure to PM and GLO (health)
To better protect ecosystems against acid rain, excess nutrient nitrogen, and GLO 6

7. Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005) Sectoral Actions
General recommendations
Modernize current legislation
Better focus on the most serious pollutants
Do more to integrate environment into other policies and programmes
Review existing ambient air quality legislation (Streamlining, PM2.5)
Consolidate AAQFD and AAQDD: 2008/50/EC & 2004/107/EC
Consolidate implementing decisions (2011)
Move to electronic data reporting based in SEIS
Review of national emissions ceilings (2020, PM, streamlining)
Review Directive 2001/80/EC (2007)
Review Gothenburg Protocol (2011)
-/-- 7

8. 25 days averaged over 3 years
EU Air Quality Standards & NECs
Pollutant
Concentration
Attainment deadline
Permitted exceedences each year
Carbon monoxide
10 mg/m3
Sulphur dioxide
350 µg/m3 24
125 µg/m3 3
Nitrogen dioxide
200 µg/m3 18
40 µg/m3
PM10
50 µg/m3 35
Fine particles (PM2.5)
25 µg/m3***
Lead (Pb)
0.5 µg/m3
Benzene
5 µg/m3
Ozone
120 µg/m3
(TV)
25 days averaged over 3 years
Arsenic (As)
6 ng/m³
(TV)
Cadmium (Cd)
5 ng/m³
Nickel (Ni)
20 ng/m³
PAHs
1 ng/m³ (Benzo(a)pyrene)

9. Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005) Sectoral Actions
Energy & Industry
Implement the renewable energy targets (12/21/6)
Implement the 2005 Energy Efficiency Green Paper
Strengthen regulation on VOC emissions from fueling
Consider expanding scope of IPPC to sources < 50 MWth
Implement the 2009 Climate & Energy Package (20/20/20)
Implement the Europe 2020 strategic objectives and roadmaps … 9

10. Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005) Sectoral Actions
Transport
Implement & update 2001 Transport White Paper (cleaner transport modes, internalizing external costs, green infrastructure pricing,…)
Adopt & Implement new standards (Euro 5, Euro 6, MC, NRMM,…)
Adopt & implement new standards for maritime shipping (IMO,…)
Implement the Europe 2020 strategic objectives and roadmaps …
Agriculture
[Implement and update the Common Agricultural Policy]
National and Local Measures
Air Quality action plans (national & local, long-medium-short term)
National emission reduction plans 10

11. Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005) Costs & Benefits
Implementation Benefits:
At least €42 billion per annum (health)
avoiding damage to ecosystem,
reduced damage to crops, buildings, heritage, …
Implementation Costs:
ca. €7.1 billion per annum (2005 estimate)
Ca €1.3 billion per annum (2010 estimate)
Eco-Innovation a Green growth
Ca € 6.7 billion air quality related eco-industry (2004)
Ca. € 7.2 billion air quality related eco-industry (2007)

12. Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005) Towards 6EAP via Interim Objectives
Percent improvement (gap-closure) in 2020 compared to situation in 2000.

13. … Q&A Thank You… Further information…
… Q&A

14. Working closely together with the UNECE CLRTAP
Fundamental principle - “shall endeavour to limit and, as far as possible, gradually reduce and prevent air pollution including long-range transboundary air pollution”
1 Convention and 8 Protocols all linked to EU legislation 14

15. Working closely together with the UNECE CLRTAP
Programme Coordinating Centre
Implementation Committee
ICP Forests Task Force
Working Group on Effects
Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections
Task Force on Measurement and Modelling
Chemical Coordinating Centre
Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West
Task Force on Integrated Assessment Modelling
Centre for Integrated Assessment Modelling
EMEP Steering Body
Task Force on
Reactive Nitrogen
Task Force on POPs
Network of Experts on Benefits and Economic Instruments
Expert Group on Techno-economic Issues
Working Group on Strategies and Review
Executive Body
ICP Integrated Monitoring Task Force
Task Force Health
ICP Modelling and Mapping Task Force
ICP Materials Task Force
ICP Vegetation Task Force
ICP Waters Task Force
Programme Centre
Coordination Center for Effects
Main Research Centre
Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East
Task Force on Heavy Metals
Expert Group on Black Carbon
Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution
Centre for Emission inventories and projections

16. Examples of interaction EU and CLRTAP policy
Strong involvement of the EU and its Member States in all aspects of the CLRTAP
Share the same objectives to protect human health and the environment (effect-based approach)
Same management approches addressing transboundary pollution through cost-effective measures per source categories and national ceilings
Common knowledge base for
Effects (critical loads and levels and role of WHO on health advice)
Emission inventories and projections
Environmental air pollution monitoring
Integrated assessment modelling for policy
Common objectives in reaching out to other regions (long term strategy) …