1. Circulatory System Main Functions:
1. Transports nutrients, hormones, & gases
2. Get rid of wastes
3. Helps maintain a constant body temperature

2. Two Systems make up the Circulatory System:
1. Cardiovascular system: the blood, heart, & blood vessels.
2. Lymphatic system: the lymph, lymph nodes, & lymph vessels.

3. Cardiovascular System
Function: the heart pumps oxygen rich blood throughout the body and returns oxygen poor blood to the lungs.

4. Lymphatic System
Function: returns fluids (lymph) that have collected in the tissues to the bloodstream. Lymph nodes (mini filters) store lymphocytes.

5. Circulation Pattern & Heart Structures
-Flow -Valves

6. Heartbeat Control
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) located in the right atrium. “pacemaker” Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) located in the upper septum.

7. Blood Pressure: -systolic pressure- when the ventricles contract -diastolic pressure- when the ventricles are relaxed Pulse: Pressure waves in arteries from contraction of the left ventricle Hypertension- high blood pressure!

8. Blood Vessels
Aorta Arteries Arterioles

9. Capillaries -Microscopic blood vessels. -Walls are one celled thick
-Blood cells move through in single file line.
-Capillary walls enable nutrients and gases to diffuse easily between blood cells and surrounding tissue cells.

10. Veins
Vena Cava Veins Venules -Veins unlike arteries have valves.

11. Patterns of Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation Coronary Circulation Hepatic Portal Circulation Renal Circulation

12. Flow of Blood

13. Blood (Ch. 46.2)
Plasma- liquid part of the blood, mostly water. Carries nourishment for the cells.
Red Blood Cells (erthrocytes)- transport oxygen. Formed in the red marrow of cells.
-Hemoglobin- transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
-no nuclei
-life span of days

14. White Blood Cells (leukocytes)- help defend the body against disease
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)- help defend the body against disease. -formed in the red marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. -larger than RBC’s -can live many years

15. Platelets- help form blood clots.
-Fibrin (protein) is produced that forms a sticky web, forming a clot.
Blood Types- A, B, O, AB
Antigens- protein or carbohydrate that signals the body that something foreign has entered it.
Rh factor- antigen present on the surface of RBC’s. Majority of humans are Rh +.

16. Structure of a Heartbeat