1. Progressive Era
Big Question: What were the nation’s social and political problems at the turn of the 20th Century, and how did people work to solve them?

2. The Progressive Era:1890—1920
Reform— the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, or unsatisfactory
Conservation: controlling how natural resources are used.
Progressivism—An early 20th-century reform movement seeking to:
Return government to the control of the people
Restore economic opportunities
Correct injustices in American life

3. Return Government to the hands of the People:
3 Political Reforms:
Direct Primary: allowed voters to choose the party candidates rather than the party conventions.
Initiative: allowed voters to propose a law directly. The “idea” comes from the people not the legislators
Referendum: a proposed law was submitted to the vote of the people.

4. Picture/Summary
Draw Pictures of direct primary, initiative, and referendum
Summary: Answer this question:
How does direct primary, initiative, and referendum return government to the hands of the people?

5. 16th Amendment 17th Amendment
Return government to the hands of the people
16th Amendment th Amendment
Passed in 1909
Gave Congress the power to create Income Taxes.
This amendment was intended to provide a means of spreading the cost of running the government among more people.
Passed in 1912
Senators elected by people rather than by state legislatures.

6. Restore economic opportunities
“TrustBuster”-- a term that referred to President Theodore Roosevelt's policy of prosecuting monopolies, or trusts that violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act that made it illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts.
Roosevelt broke up Railroad and
Oil trusts. (Total of 44)
Taft actually broke up more trusts, but
Roosevelt gets more credit. (total of 99)

7. Then and Now
BIG BUSINESS AND COMPETITION In the late 1800s, John D. Rockefeller made a fortune as he gained control of most of the nation's oil refineries, oil fields, and pipelines. In 1906, the government filed an antitrust suit against Rockefeller's Standard Oil. This resulted in its breakup in The cartoon above shows Standard Oil as an octopus.    In the 1990s, Bill Gates became the richest man in the world as he built Seattle–based Microsoft into a computer software giant. In 1998, the government filed an antitrust suit against Microsoft. It charged the company with using illegal tactics to gain a monopoly with its computer operating system and Web browser.

8. How does breaking up trusts and monopolies give more economic opportunity?
More people can own businesses
People will have more choices for products
Competition for products reduces the price.

9. Correct Injustices in American Life
Muckrakers: A name given to journalists
who exposed corruption in American society
in the early 1900’s.
Upton Sinclair, author of The Jungle. This novel describes a Chicago meat packing plant in which dead rats end up in the sausage. Sinclair focused his attention on the poor sanitary conditions under which the meat-packers worked.

10. Progressive Laws1906
Meat Inspection Act-required meat to be inspected before sale
Pure Food and Drug Act-banned the sale of impure foods and drugs.

11. Correct injustices in American Life
Social Reform:
Settlement houses: helped the
poor and immigrants improve their
lives.
Offered services such as daycare,
education, and health care to needy
people in the slums.
Jane Addams--founded a
settlement house called, Hull House, in Chicago.

12. Correct injustices in American Life
As a result of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, a series of workmen’s compensation laws were passed that covered workers who suffered on the job injuries. Also, stricter building codes and factory inspection acts were enacted.

13. “Mother Jones” Her real name is Mary Harris Jones, a
dressmaker from Chicago who was an
effective labor leader. She fought for
better working conditions. Workers loved her so much that they called her “Mother” Jones.
She championed Children’s rights, and led marches with slogans that read “We want to go to school and not the mines”.
She was a leader in the labor union, Knights of Labor: many states adopted labor laws prohibiting or limiting child labor.

14. Samuel Gompers
Formed a new national organization of unions called the American Federation of Labor(AFL)
Served as its president for 37 years
Worked to improve working conditions by using strikes, boycotts, and negotiations.
The AFL won shorter working hours and better pay for its workers. /

15. Correct injustices in American Life
The Temperance Movement:
a campaign to stop the drinking
of alcohol.
During the industrial revolution,
workers would typically come to
work drunk and spend most of
the salaries on alcohol.
50% of all crime was alcohol
related.

16. 18th Amendment--1919 The 21st Amendment
“Prohibition”-banned the sale, distribution and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages.
Reformers thought the ban would reduce poverty and crime. It did not.
Under Prohibition, people broke the law if they made, sold, or shipped alcoholic beverages. Powerful crime gangs turned selling illegal liquor into a big business. This photo shows federal agents getting ready to smash containers of illegal whiskey.
The 21st Amendment
ended Prohibition in
1933.

17. Prohibition and Bootlegging
One of the effects of the Prohibition Amendment was to create an illegal trade in alcohol. That trade was run by “bootleggers”. The term comes from the practice of hiding flasks of liquor in a boot top. Bootleggers developed an entire chain of distribution from distillers or brewers to bars. Those bars often called “speakeasies”, because of the need to speak quietly to avoid attracting police attention.

18. “Gangsters” Another effect of Prohibition was
the rise of Organized Crime: Gangs fought
for control of the Bootleg Business.
Notorious “Mobsters” such as Al Capone from Chicago and Lucky Luciano from NYC fought for “bootlegging rites”. Because of the dangerous gang activity(murder), millions of dollars lost in tax revenue and fighting crime, many Americans called for the repeal of Prohibition. It is the ONLY Amendment to be repealed.

19. Tuesday’s Schedule 2/21/12 Review graded papers
Page 104: Summary and pic of Temperance
Answer the question: Did the 18th amendment reduce crime and poverty? Explain
Pictures? What do you see?
Notes on Suffrage and presidents p 105—107
Vocab Poster—using p 90 choose 2 words:
Write word, definition, picture, use BOTH in same sentence.
Study for Progressive Test, suffrage map will be on test

20. 19th Amendment-1920
p.107
gave women the right to vote or suffrage.

21. Women’s Rights Reformers
p.107
Women’s Rights Reformers
Susan B. Anthony: 1820—1906
Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1815—1902
They were skilled organizers who worked
in the Temperance and antislavery
Movements as well as Women Suffrage.
They built the women’s movement into a
national organization, National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
Supported women suffrage
Supported the rights of married women to own property
Equal wages

22. Teddy Roosevelt:
First progressive president: became president after William McKinley was assassinated in
“Trust-Buster”
“Regulator” of Business
“Crusader” for Conservation
Known for his “Square Deal”- its purpose was to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and big business.

23. William Howard Taft 1909—1913 Progressive President after Teddy
Roosevelt.
Continued progressive reforms including the 16th and 17th amendments.
After his presidency, he became a Supreme Court Justice.
Busted 99 trusts!