1. Mainstreaming Gender in Public Expenditure Reviews Claudia Sepúlveda W. Senior Economist, DECPR Experts Roundtable: Care Economy, Current, and Future Impacts on Womens Time and Economic Participation Organized by LAC Gender and Development Group, February 25, 2009

2. Outline 1.Approach/Relevance 2.Gender PER Findings: St. Vincent and the Grenadines 3.The Unfinished Agenda

3. 1.Approach/Relevance

4. Aggregate economic performance (poverty reduction, growth) Gender equality in rights, resources and voice Household Household resource and task allocations Fertility decisions Economy & markets Access to land Financial services Labor markets Technology Society Civic and political participation Domain of choices, Domain of policy Leveling the field of opportunities Source: GMR 07 Gender equality can be measured in 3 domains

5. Examine the allocation, effectiveness, and efficiency of public resources to achieve gender equality and reduce poverty Aggregate economic performance (poverty reduction, growth)

6. 2. Gender PER Findings: St. Vincent and the Grenadines

7. Benefit Incidence Analysis Education Education expenditure favors women (as boys drop out of school at a higher rate than girls) Health Women are the main beneficiaries of health expenditures, but certain health expenditures benefit primarily men (e.g. mental health) Social Protection Men are the main beneficiaries of Social Security benefits and public works programs Women, especially FHHs, are the main beneficiaries of direct cash transfers

8. Recurrent Education Expenditures in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Education by Gender, 2002 (in EC$ million) Source: OECS Fiscal Issues St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2006

9. Social Security Benefits from NIS by Type and Gender, 2003 (as percentage) Source: OECS Fiscal Issues St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2006

10. Boys at risk Lack of prevention strategies Social and family issues that can prevent the problems that will face boys at risk Employment support programs for the unemployed youth Program objectives do not match labor market needs Not well targeted

11. Vulnerable FHHs Income Support Programs Direct transfers Employment Support Programs Program objectives do not match labor market needs (skills training and business development) Costly and scarce childcare for low-income families Flat fee structure most harmful for FHHs Lack of an overall strategy Gaps and overlaps between programs in different government agencies

12. Institutional Analysis Resources for the GAD have increased steadily over time but are: Insufficient (six times lower than those of the Botanic Gardens Dept.) Inefficiently allocated between project management and policy advice; and Unsustainable as they relied mainly on donor contributions GAD needs to re-define its role and position in the Government in order to influence policy formulation

13. 3. The Unfinished Agenda

14. o The case for gender mainstreaming is a work in progress. o Scaling up collection of gender disaggregated data to measure progress (especially, in the domains of society and the market and economy). o Research on institutional arrangements and its impact on the budget process (Ministry of Women Affairs) o Research on institutional arrangements and its impact on the budget process (Ministry of Women Affairs). o Tax System and its implications. o Impact Evaluations.