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The Century of Civil War Begins

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Presentation on theme: "The Century of Civil War Begins"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Century of Civil War Begins
Marius & Sulla The Century of Civil War Begins

2 Review Optimates vs. Populares Republic Expansion Spain, Africa
Greece, Turkey as well Social & Economic Problems Gracchi Brothers’ Reforms Land Grain Italian citizenship Optimates vs. Populares

3 Gaius Marius Consul 7 times – unprecedented Novus Homo
107, 104, 103, 102, 101, 100, 86 BC Novus Homo Army Recruitment Reforms No property requirement No class restriction Land & benefits Army floods with poor people Unintended consequence Are his reforms socialist or populist in nature?

4 Marius’s Military Achievements
War with Jugurtha Numidia Lucius Cornelius Sulla Credit for capturing Jugurtha? Cimbri & Teutones Migrating German tribes 105 BC – Arausio – 80,000 Romans 102 BC – Aquae Sextiae 101 BC – Vercellae Sulla deserves some more credit…

5 The Social War Marcus Livius Drusus’s reforms in 91
Italian citizenship Assassinated Italians revolt Marius & Sulla fight together until Marius retires for health reasons Sulla finishes the war

6 1st Mithridatic War Mithridates invades Asia Province
Asiatic Vespers 88 BC Then invades Greece Leadership Debate Senate picks Sulla; Assembly bribed to pick Marius Sulla marches on Rome with army; Marius flees Sulla goes east vs. Mithridates

7 Meanwhile in Rome… Consuls are Octavius (supporter of Sulla) and Cinna (fan of Marius) Violence breaks out; Marius arrives with army Octavius defeated; he and Sulla’s supporters killed off Marius dies 17 days into his 7th consulship

8 Sulla’s Revenge Finishes the war with Mithridates & returns to Rome
War drags on between Sulla and the supporters of Marius Battle of Colline Gate – 83 BC Sulla becomes sole ruler of Rome Dictator in 82/81 BC – not during emergency! Proscriptions Retires

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