1. Industrialization and Nationalism
Chapter 19

2. The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
In Great Britain begins in the 1780s
Factors to make GB the starting point
Agrarian revolution in 1700s changed agricultural practices
Growth in population
Had ready money supply, capital, to invest in machines and factories
Plentiful natural resources
Supply of markets

3. Cotton production Inventions made weaving faster
Spinning jenny and water powered loom
A improved steam engine (steam power)

4. Coal and Iron industries
Fuel depended on coal
Increasing steam power expanded coal production
New processing using coal aided the iron industry
Natural resource of iron ore
Better quality of iron from new technique puddling

5. New factories Railroads Use of new machines at a constant rate
Regular working hrs and repetitive tasks
Railroads
Important to the success of the Industrial Rev.
Steam locomotives – 1st
Railroads created new jobs, less expensive transportation

6. The Industrial Revolution would spread to other European countries as well as America
Working conditions varied from social classes

8. Reaction and Revolution
Section 2
Reaction and Revolution
Forces of Change
Between 1815 and 1830, conservative gov’ts throughout Europe worked to maintain the old order
Liberalism and nationalism worked towards change

9. Liberals (1) believed in civil rights
Liberalism
People should be as free as possible from gov’t restraint
Liberals (1) believed in civil rights
(2) wanted religious toleration for all
(3) separation of Church and State
(4) demanded the right of peaceful opposition to the gov’t
(5) favored a gov’t ruled by a constitution
(6) did not believe in democracy

10. Nationalism Even more power change
Arose when people began to identify themselves as part of a community defined by a distinctive language, common institution, and customs
Nationalists believed each nationality should have its own gov’t
Gave the idea to nations they should govern themselves
Used liberalism as a strong ally

11. Liberalism and nationalism began to break through the conservative domination of Europe
France—liberals overthrew monarch—1830
Belgium—nationalists rebelled and created independent state— 1830
Poland and Italy tried to break free from foreign power but unsuccessful—1830

12. Nationalism and Reform in Europe
Section 3
Nationalism and Reform in Europe
Great Britain became more liberal
France, Austria and Russia grew more authoritarian
GB managed to avoid revolutionary upheavals by passing reforms that helped the country remain stable
Governments

13. France—1848 moved toward the restoration of the monarchy
New empire was authoritarian, emperor controlled the gov’t, controlled armed forces, police and civil service
Distracted public from their loss of political freedom, he focused on expanding the economy
Eventually emperors economic and governmental policies arose
Eventually the empire fell

14. The Austrian Empire Nationalism presented problems in this empire
Because empire contained many different ethnic groups and were campaigning for independence
Revolutions were crushed but outside forces required Austrians to make concessions to the Hungarians
Compromise of 1867 created a dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
This would not satisfy all nationalists in the Austro-Hungarian Empire

15. Russia
Beginning of 19th century the country was rural, agricultural, and autocratic, divine-right monarch w/unlimited power
Gov’t was facing challenges
Country was falling behind other western European powers
1st attempt to change society was a emancipation that freed serfs:
Gave land to peasants—left many starving cause the land given to them was not suitable for farming
**Russia would remain stuck in their old methods because of poor czar leadership**

16. U.S.A. Fought over division of power in the new gov’t
Federalists and Republicans
Ended w/the War of 1812
Slavery became a threat to American unity
For and abolitionism
Southern states would secede from the union
Civil War
North won unifying the nation
National Unity