1. Climate and Climate Change
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Climate and Climate Change
the BIG idea
Climates are long-term weather patterns that may change over time.
18.1
Climate is a long-term weather pattern.
18.2
Earth has a variety of climates.
18.3
Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
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2. 18.1 Climate is a long-term weather pattern.
The main factors that influence climate are
climate
latitude
• latitude
marine climate
• altitude
continental climate
ocean current
• distance from
large bodies
of water
season
• ocean currents
SIMULATION
Explore the effects of latitude and altitude.
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3. 18.1 Climate is a long-term weather pattern.
Seasonal changes are also part of
climate patterns.
climate
latitude
These photos show the same rice fields in
India at different times of the year.
Dry Season
Wet Season
marine climate
continental climate
ocean current
season
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4. Earth has a variety of climates.
18.2
Earth has a variety of climates.
Scientists usually group climates by temperature and precipitation. There are six major climate zones. The six major climate zones of this classification system are:
humid tropical,
Dry
moist mid-latitude with mild winters
moist mid-latitude with severe winters
Polar
Highland
climate zone
microclimate
urban heat island
rain shadow
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5. Earth has a variety of climates.
18.2
Earth has a variety of climates.
Climate zones can be divided into subclimates. Subclimates are divided into smaller areas called microclimates.
climate zone
microclimate
urban heat island
rain shadow
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6. Earth has a variety of climates.
18.2
Earth has a variety of climates.
How can this mountain have snow on it if it’s located in a warm climate?
climate zone
microclimate
urban heat island
rain shadow
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7. Earth has a variety of climates.
18.2
Earth has a variety of climates.
How do oceans affect climate?
climate zone
microclimate
urban heat island
rain shadow
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8. Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
18.3
Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
Natural events, such as eruptions of volcanoes, can change climate.
ice age
El Niño
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9. Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
18.3
Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
Slow movement of continents can change climates.
ice age
El Niño
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10. Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
18.3
Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
El Niño (ehl NEEN-yoh) is a disturbance of wind patterns and ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean and causes a change in climates.
ice age
El Niño
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11. Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
18.3
Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
Human activities that release greenhouse gases are also changing climate by causing a global rise in temperature.
ice age
El Niño
This ice sheet on a mountain in Peru has shrunk 820
meters (2690 ft) in 19 years.
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12. Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
18.3
Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
Human activities are changing climate:
By 2100 global temperature will rise 1.4°C – 5.8 °C (2.5 °F – 10.4°F).
Earth hasn’t warmed so rapidly at any time in at least the last 10,000 years.
What ways will global warming impact Earth?
Sea levels will rise as ice melts.
Wildlife will be endangered.
Agriculture will be harmed.
Humans will have more heat related illness and possible deaths.
ice age
El Niño
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13. 18.1 Climate is a long-term weather pattern.
I. Climate is a long-term weather pattern.
climate
A. Geography affects climate.
latitude
1. Latitude
marine climate
2. Altitude
continental climate
3. Large Bodies of Water
ocean current
4. Ocean Currents
season
B. Seasonal changes are part of climate.
1. Temperature Patterns
2. Precipitation Patterns
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

14. Earth has a variety of climates.
18.2
Earth has a variety of climates.
II. Earth has a variety of climates.
climate zone
A. Scientists have identified six major climate zones.
microclimate
urban heat island
B. Natural features and human activity can affect local climate.
rain shadow
1. Urban Heat Islands
2. Rain Shadows
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15. Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
18.3
Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
III. Climates can change suddenly or slowly.
ice age
A. Climates cool when particles block sunlight.
El Niño
B. Climates change as continents move.
C. Some climate changes repeat over time.
1. El Niño
D. Human activities are changing climate.
1. Predictions of Climate Change
2. Impact of Global Warming
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