1. 6
MOTIVATION:
INCREASING
PRODUCTIVITY

2. Learning Objectives Define motivation.
Explain need-based theories of motivation.
Explain behavior-based theories of motivation.
Describe reinforcement theory and behavior modification.
Discuss the relationship between self-esteem and motivation.

3. What Motivates You at Work?
Money
Family
Traffic
Time
Recognition
Potential to move up
Incentives
The work
Stats (quota)

4. What is Motivation
The willingness to make an effort toward accomplishment.

5. What is Motivation Extrinsic Rewards Intrinsic Rewards Salary Bonuses
Promotions and praise
High grades in classes
A work ethic
A sense of self-identity, self-fulfillment, and self-worth.
The social value of work.
Social and community roles.

6. Need-Based Theories of Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
Motivation Video

7. Need-Based Theories of Motivation
Alderfer’s ERG theory
Existence needs
Relatedness needs
Growth needs
Frustration-Regression
Existence: similar to physiological in Maslows
Relatedness: similar to belonginess in Maslows
Growth needs: similar to self-actualization in Maslows
Frustration-Regression: someone who fails to reach a level and gets frustrated and regresses to a lower need level

8. Need-Based Theories of Motivation
McClelland’s Manifest Needs theory
Power needs
the need to control and influence others
Affiliation needs
the need to interact with others
Achievement needs
the need to achieve

9. Need-Based Theories of Motivation
Describes two factors: hygienes and motivators
Hygienes: factors connected with a job that make working their better
Figure 6.5: Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

10. Need-Based Theories of Motivation
Motivators: factors that are intrinsic: found within the work itself or within the worker
Figure 6.5: Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

11. Need-Based Theories of Motivation
Factors necessary for job enrichment to be effective:
Skill variety - The opportunity and ability to use different skills in one’s position at work.
Task identity - Worker’s perception of the meaningfulness of a job.
Task significance - Worker’s perception that the task directly affects other people’s work or lives.
Autonomy - Ability to act and make self decisions without undue interference from management.
Feedback- Allows individuals to know how well they are performing.

12. Behavior-Based Theories of Motivation
Expectancy theory
Explains human behavior in terms of people’s goals, choices, and the expectation that goals will be reached.
Expectancy
Instrumentality
Valence
Rudy

13. Reinforcement Theory and Behavior Modification
Behavior that is rewarded enough times is repeated.
Behavior that repeatedly receives no reward will probably discontinue.
The process of changing behavior because of a reward, or a lack of reward, is called behavior modification.
Big Bang Theory

14. Goal Setting
Goal setting allows employees to set their own goals.

15. Delusional Undefined Mediocre Boring
Goal Setting
Delusional Undefined Mediocre Boring

16. Motivation and Self-Esteem
Self-esteem and job performance
Low self-esteem keeps an individual from making risky decisions
Person with low self-esteem may perform at exactly the level where others expect performance to be

17. Strategies for Success
Take a look at
Your needs.
What you want in life.
How the need areas apply in workplace.
Changing your behavior:
Change a behavior or bad habit.
Take small steps to reach your goal.
Find a small reward to motivate you.
Reward yourself to reinforce the desired behavior.