1. How to Purchase and Use High Quality Natural Enemies
Dr. Norm Leppla & Ken Johnson
University of Florida/IFAS
IPM Florida
FGGA Annual Conference 2010

2. Grape phylloxera, Viteus vitifoliae
Grape Leaf Galls
Adult and Nymphs on Grape Roots

3. Lewis Wright, Florida Entomologist 87:94-99 (2004)
They applied DDT to control a very severe housefly outbreak in some campus buildings and observed phenomenal results within 24 hours. They could hardly believe the high level of control and anxiously waited to report the results to the university authorities and manufacturers of DDT. Subsequently, they also achieved high levels of control on bedbugs, cockroaches and body lice.

4. Grower’s Reaction to Pest Threats

5. Grower’s Response: Pesticides vs IPM
Alien Invasive Pest
Resistant Crop
Competitors
Natural enemies
Resistant varieties
Vulnerable Crop
Pesticide program:
Application methods
Resistance management
Integrated pest management program:
Cultural practices
Scouting, Identification of pests and NE
Conservation of natural enemies
Augmentation of natural enemies
Reduced-risk insecticides
Resistance management

6. Concerns About Pesticides
1947- Pesticide resistance to DDT
1959- Integrated Control Concept, Stern, Smith, van den Bosch, and Hagen Hilgardia 29:
Integrated control is applied pest control that combines and integrates biological and chemical control.
Chemical control is used as necessary and in a manner which is least disruptive to biological control.

7. Concerns About Pesticides
1962- Rachael Carson, Silent Spring

8. What has Integrated Pest Management Become?
IPM is the coordinated use of pest and environmental information and available pest control methods….
to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means….
with the least possible hazard to people, property and the environment.

9. IPM System REDUCE RISK… Pest outbreaks & disease epidemics
Environmental contamination
Human health hazards
Pest mgmt costs
INCREASE…
Reliability
Sustainability
Chem
Biological Control
Cultural & Physical Methods

10. Sustainability of Agriculture
Economic profitability
Environmental health
Social and economic well-being

11. What is Biological Control?
Suppression of pests by predators, parasites, pathogens or competitors.
Augmentation biological control is the rearing and release of beneficial organisms to suppress pests.

12. GUIDELINES FOR PURCHASING AND USING COMMERCIAL NATURAL ENEMIES IN FLORIDA AND OTHER STATES Norman C. Leppla and Kenneth L. Johnson II

13. Natural Enemies for Aphids
Predatory insects
Hemiptera, Orius insidiosus: Minute pirate bug
Neuroptera, Chrysoperla carnea: Lacewing
Coleoptera, Hippodamia convergens: Ladybeetle
Diptera, Aphidoletes aphidimyza: Predatory midge
Parasitic wasps
Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae, Aphelinus abdominalis
Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidius colemani

14. Minute pirate bug
Ladybeetle
Predatory midge
Aphidius colemani
Lacewing

15. Natural Enemies for Beetles, Caterpillars & Fungus Gnats
BEETLES (GRUBS)
Parasitic Nematodes, Heterorhabditis megidis
CATERPILLARS
Predatory insects
Hemiptera, Podisus maculiventris: Spined soldier bug
Parasitic wasps
Hymenoptera, Trichogramma pretiosum
FUNGUS GNATS
Parasitic Nematodes, Steinernema feltiae
Predatory insests
Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Atheta coriaria
Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Feltiella acarisuga

16. Trichogramma pretiosum
Atheta coriaria
Steinernema feltiae
Spined soldier bug

17. Natural Enemies for Leafminers & Mealybugs
Parasitic wasps
Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Dacnusa sibirica
Hymenoptera, Eulophidae: Diglyphus isaea
MEALYBUGS
Predatory insects
Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Rhyzobius lophanthae
Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Cryptolaemus montrouzieri: Mealybug destroyer

18. Rhyzobius lophanthae
Mealybug destroyer
Diglyphus isaea
Dacnusa sibirica

19. Natural Enemies for Mites & Scales
Predatory mites
Phytoseiidae, Amblyseius swirskii
Predatory insects
Thysnoptera, Scolothrips sexmaculatus: sixspotted thrips
Coleoptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysoperla carnea: Lacewing
Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Feltiella acarisuga
SCALES
Coleoptera, Cybocephalus nipponicus: Scale picnic beetle
Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Rhyzobius lophanthae

20. Feltiella acarisuga
sixspotted thrips
Cybocephalus nipponicus
Amblyseius swirskii

21. Natural Enemies for Thrips & Whiteflies
Predatory mites
Phytoseiidae, Amblyseius cucumeris
Predatory insects
Hemiptera, Anthocoridae, Orius insidiosus: Minute pirate bug
Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysoperla carnea: Lacewing
Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Atheta coriaria
WHITEFLIES
Phytoseiidae, Amblyseius swirskii
Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Delphastus catalinae

22. Atheta coriaria
Minute pirate bug
Lacewing
Delphastus catalinae

23. How to Purchase and Use High Quality Natural Enemies
More than 34 biological control companies provide nematodes, mites, insects, and bioinsecticides for pest management in Florida.
Many of these companies provide detailed information on how to use their products.
The best companies deliver excellent customer service for site-specific biological control.

25. IPM Florida Website Ask Extension Recent Additions About IPM Florida
Contact Us
What is IPM
Success Stories
Projects Reports
Extension Resources
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Pest Identification
Tactics
Measuring IPM
Invasive Species
GMOs
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Funding
Employment
Events
Our Listserv
Related Links
Site Map
Recent Additions
Ask Extension

26. IPM Florida provides statewide, interdisciplinary and inter-unit coordination and assistance for UF/IFAS integrated pest management research Extension and education faculty
During 2008-current, IPM Florida provided lead coordination for this synthesized Florida-based thrips educational iniative. Dr. Norman Leppla (top row, center) is the Director of IPM Florida. The majority of assistant is provided by graduate students. Graduate student assistance, often pursuing degrees in Florida’s Doctor of Plant Medicine program, are critical to this effort. Specially, Joyce Merritt (left, top), has been involved with aspects pertaining to the thrips educational effort. 26

27. IPM Florida: The UF, IFAS Statewide IPM Program