1. Topic: Evaluating the Plans for Reconstruction: Presidential vs
Topic: Evaluating the Plans for Reconstruction: Presidential vs. Radical Reconstruction

2. Costs of the Civil War and Lincoln’s Plan
Effects of the Civil War
600,000 soldiers killed
$15 billion to fight
South in ruins, social chaos
Southern bitterness
Northern economy stronger than ever
Nullification theory discredited
Federal government has more authority
Early Reconstruction
Freedmen’s Bureau established
Lincoln wanted to quickly restore the states to the Union
Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan vs. Wade-Davis Bill
Congress vs. Lincoln???
April 1865 – Lincoln assassinated

3. Andrew Johnson vs. Congress
Johnson’s background
Johnson favors a variation on Lincoln’s Plan
13th Amendment
New Southern Governments
Ex Confederates must ask for pardons
Johnson threatens to veto Freedman’s Bureau
Northern Congressional Republicans angry at Johnson:
Congress demands 14th Amendment
Radical Republicans attack Johnson
“Sir Veto”, drunkenness
Thaddeus Stevens & Charles Sumner

4. The Impeachment of Johnson
1866 Congressional elections:
Johnson’s “Swing ‘round the Circle” speeches
President vs. Congress
Republicans win the elections
Radical Republicans emboldened
Radicals try to Impeach Johnson
The charge: Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act (Firing of E. Stanton)
March 1868: Impeachment
Senate acquits
However, the office of the Presidency remains weakened for decades

5. Radical Reconstruction (1867-1877)
Republican fears: is the South growing too powerful?
Black Codes
Southern representation in Congress issue
Moderate vs. Radical Republicans
Radicals: must transform the south entirely
Both agree: Blacks must be able to vote
15th Amendment
Reconstruction Act 1867: The military controls southern districts
However, Radical Reconstruction faces problems too….

6. Conclusion
1) Which of the Reconstruction Plans do you think should have been enacted? Explain your reasoning.
2) Predict and Analyze… why will Radical Reconstruction have “problems”?