1. Andrew Jackson and Indian Removal
Objective 2.01

2. Goal 2
Expansion and Reform (1801 – 1850) – The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.

3. Objective 2.01
Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union 1801 – 1850.

4. Removal of Native Americans
Why did so many white settlers want them gone?
White miners wanted land
White planters wanted land
Cotton gin

5. Jackson did not believe that the Indians could stay
Thought only solution was removal
Would have required too many troops to keep areas free of white settlers

6. Indian Removal Act of 1830
Congress passes law in which federal gov’t provides funds for negotiation of treaties that would move Indians west. – map p. 227

8. Treaties About 90 signed Jackson thought policy was generous
Sauk, Fox, and Chickasaw forcibly moved.

9. Cherokee Many talented leaders
Sequoyah – est. a written version of his language to help spread literacy among the Cherokee tribe

10. Cherokees resist removal in court
John Marshall refused to hear first case on grounds that Cherokee were neither a foreign nation nor a state, but a “domestic dependent nation”

11. Samuel Worcester assists
Missionary jailed for teaching Indians w/o a license

12. Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
Cherokee nation won recognition as a distinct political entity
Court ruled that Ga. Was not entitled to regulate the Cherokee nor to invade their lands.

13. Jackson’s response
“John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”
Is this the job of the executive branch?

14. Removal Some Cherokee favored relocation (minority)
Fed. Gov’t made the Treaty of New Echota with these Indians
Gave up land for:
$5 million
Land “west of the Mississippi”

15. Van Buren orders removal
1838 – Martin Van Buren orders remaining 20,000 Cherokee in the East moved by the U.S. Army
Trail of Tears – 800 mile trip from Southeastern US to Western Indian Territories.