1. Interactive Setup 1/30/2018 Per 3 & 4 Cities Chart
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2. Interactive Setup 1/30/2018 Exploration And Columbian Exchange
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3. Columbian Exchange Definition
Background
Columbian Exchange Definition
New World Items
Old World Items
Technological Advancements
Portuguese Breakthroughs

4. Exploration Background
Explorers were funded by increasingly powerful European Monarchs
Especially the Spanish, Portuguese, and the Dutch
A little later on France and England become huge funders of exploration
Early explorers were trying to find a quicker route to the East

5. Exploration Background
Explorers were said to be motivated by God, Gold, and Glory
Some of the more famous explorer include:
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
Hernan Cortes
Vasco da Gama

6. Exploration Background
Maritime routes to Asia
Spices, silk, porcelain
Silk roads became more dangerous
Due to spread of Bubonic Plague and the weakening of the Mongol empire
Prices, profits increase
Indian pepper, Chinese ginger increasingly essential to diet of European wealthy classes
African gold, ivory, slaves

7. The Technology of Exploration
Chinese rudder introduced to Europe in 12th century
Caravel ships with triangular lateen sails
Work better with cross winds
Navigational instruments – Marine astrolabe & compass make travel easier
Marine astrolabe was a European adjustment to the Islamic astrolabe
Developed better knowledge of winds, currents
The Volta do Mar

8. Better Maps [Portulan]
New Maritime Technologies
Better Maps [Portulan]
Hartman Astrolabe (1532)
Mariner’s Compass
Sextant

9. Wind and current patterns in the world’s oceans

10. New Weapons Technology

11. The Technology of Exploration
Medieval European maps were mostly for religious statements
After greater interest in Greek mathematics and philosophy European began making more accurate/mathematic maps
Called Cartography

12. Portuguese Breakthroughs
Portugal was the 1st country to venture into the Atlantic Ocean looking for a route to Asia
Motivated by desire to convert heathens to Christianity and to gain access to west Africa's legendary sources of gold

13. Portuguese Breakthroughs
Prince Henry the Navigator
Funded:
Mapmaking
Mathematicians & astronomers study navigation
Military and exploration expedition
Set a precedent to be followed by other European monarchs

14. Portuguese Breakthroughs
1488 Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, enters Indian Ocean basin
Storms, restless crew force return
Vasco de Gama reaches India by Dias’ route, 1497
By 1500, a trading post at Calicut
As a result of his journey Portugal dominated Indian Ocean Network and established trading post-empire

16. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
Believed Earth was smaller
Estimated Japan approximately 2,500 miles west of Canaries (actually 10,000 miles)
Portuguese kings do not fund proposed westward trip
Fernando and Isabel of Spain underwrite voyage
First European to reach the Bahamas, Cuba

17. Hemispheric Links
Columbus tries three additional times, never reaches Asia
But by early 16th century, several powers follow
English, Spanish, French, Dutch
Realization of value of newly discovered Americas

18. European exploration in the Atlantic Ocean, 1486-1498

19. Map of Magellan’s Voyage

20. New World/Old World Interactions
Do you think there was an exchange of items between the Old World and New World?
After the voyage by the Columbus of course
YES!!!
DEFINITION OF COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE:
The exchange of items, ideas, and people between the Old and New World is called the Columbian exchange

21. The New World The Old World
Goods going from the New World to the Old World
The New World
The Old World
Goods going from the Old World to the New World

22. Activity
Let’s see if you can pick out which items are originally from the New World and which Items are originally from the Old World.

23. Directions
Your job is to choose which items were found only in the Old World and only in the New World before the Columbian Exchange
Once we go over the correct answers make write down what was from the New or Old World in you interactive notebooks

25. Old World New World Black Pepper Guinea Pig Tobacco Lettuce Avocado
Chocolate
Peach
Corn
Turkey
Sheep
Chili Peppers
Potato
Horse
Vanilla
Citrus Fruit
Rubber
Onion
Pineapple
Rats
Peanuts
Cabbage
Pumpkin (Squash)
Coffee
Banana
Sunflower
Garlic
Cashews
Wheat

26. Discussion
With the same partner you did the Columbian Exchange activity respond to the questions I will put up on the board
Be prepared to share your response as I will be calling students at random

27. Discussion Which of the items we discussed were you most surprised by?
Why?
Can you think of any other things that might have been introduced due to the Columbian Exchange?

28. Discussion
What items which were exchanged do you think were most important?
Why?

29. Guess What When you guys think of Italian food what do you think of?
Probably pizza, pasta, ect right?
With tomato sauce?
Well there were NO tomatoes in Europe until the Columbian Exchange began.

30. Let’s Think
What are some of the foods we eat that have both New World and Old World items in them
What would these foods be without the Columbian Exchange?

31. New World/Old World Interactions
Do you think there were items in the New World, but not the Old World?
YES!
Do you think there were items in the Old World, but not in the New World?