1. Where did we leave off? Old Regime Estates General National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath
Storming the Bastille
Great Fear
March on Versailles

2. Reign of Terror

3. Summer 1789 to 1792 Era of reforms in France
All three estates came together to talk things out
August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man passed
Included many Enlightenment ideas and ideas from the Declaration of Independence like Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion
In June 1791, Louis and his family tried to escape but were recaptured and brought back to Paris to be put in jail

4. The National Assembly continued to pass reforms:
Made France a constitutional monarchy similar to England’s
The National Assembly was now the legislative assembly in France.
The King could no longer declare war on other nations.
3 factions, or groups, developed in the National Assembly

5. Factions in the National Assembly
Radicals
Moderates
Conservatives
Radicals
Moderates
Conservatives
Feelings about King
Opposed King and monarchy
Didn’t care either way about king
Wanted a limited monarchy
How many changes should be made to the government?
A lot—people should have full power in a republic
Some—not as many as the radicals want though
Very few

6. Radicals in France tried to spread their revolutionary ideas to other countries and got France into wars with Austria and Prussia
Austria and Prussia wanted Louis back in power, but the National Assembly said no, and declared war on them.
France was in turmoil. Thousands of people were killed and in the process the National Assembly was renamed the National Convention.

7. January 21, 1793: Louis was killed by the guillotine
September 21, 1792: National Convention met, abolished the monarchy, and declared France a republic
Adult males could now vote
Louis XVI was tried and found guilty of treason
January 21, 1793: Louis was killed by the guillotine
Marie was killed in October 1793

9. Terror Grips France
Many people in France not only considered Austria and Prussia their enemies but also did not know which French citizens they could trust
In the middle of the chaos, Maximilien Robespierre assumed power. Robespierre killed over 40,000 people. (Anyone who questioned or threatened his power)
80% of the people killed were poor (supposedly those for whom the Revolution was carried out). This was called the Reign of Terror

10. The End of the Terror
July 1794: the National Convention met and knew they had to get rid of Robespierre
Down with the Tyrant!
July 28, 1794: Robespierre lost his head.
National Convention met and created another new government (the third since 1789).
New plan gave power to the middle class, created a two branch legislature, and an executive branch known as the Directory
The Directory picked a guy named Napoleon to be their new general

11. Processing
Who was the leader in charge of France during the Reign of Terror, and why was this period called the Reign of Terror?
Did the Reign of Terror help lead the French people towards democracy? Why or why not?

12. The Rise of Napoleon

13. How Napoleon Restored Order
Efficient tax collecting system
Established a national bank
Got rid of corrupt officials
Set up government-run schools
Signed an agreement with Pope Pius VII
Passed the Napoleonic Code
Supported freedom of religion and forbade privileges based on birth (government jobs go to those best qualified)
Influenced the laws of many other countries

14. Napoleonic Code (Don’t Write)
The French longed for structure and organization
It preserved the social aims of the Revolution.
It protected the interests of the rising middle class.
It promoted order over individual rights.

15. Napoleon Creates an Empire
Not only did Napoleon want to rule France, but he wanted to rule the rest of Europe and the New World

16. France in the New World
1789: the idea of revolution had reached Haiti, France’s colony in the Caribbean
They wanted the same rights as the former 3rd Estate in France, so they stopped making sugar
Napoleon sent 29,000 troops to restore the production of sugar, but the colony (led by Toussaint L’Ouverture) and its slaves were hard to beat

17. Napoleon could not win, so he ended up selling the land to the U. S
Napoleon could not win, so he ended up selling the land to the U.S. for $15 million
The money helped France’s economy and gave Napoleon the money to try and take over Europe

18. Napoleon and Europe First: took parts of Netherlands and Italy
Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden feared Napoleon and set up a third coalition against France
Napoleon, through several battles, conquered the largest European Empire since Rome
Had peace treaties with Russia, Austria, and Prussia

19. Napoleon was unable to beat Great Britain
Britain was known for its strong navy that beat Napoleon and his navy at the Battle of Trafalgar

20. Napoleon’s Empire
1812: the only nations not under France’s rule were Britain, the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, and Sweden
The large empire prompted the growth of nationalism among the conquered nations
Nationalism: the belief that one’s greatest loyalty should be to your nation and your people rather than a king or a leader
Although the empire was large, it only lasted for 5 years before it started to collapse.

21. Processing
What was the benefit(s) of Napoleon selling off French territory in the New World?