1. Lipids and Nucleic Acids (2-3)

2. Lipids – large non-polar organic molecule. Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
A. Does not dissolve in water (insoluble)
B. Higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms.
C. Store more energy because of the large number of carbon - hydrogen bonds ratio.
D. Examples
1. oil, wax, fat

3. A. Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids.
2. Fatty acids – (parts of a lipid)
A. Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids.
B. Each end of the molecule has a different properties.
1. Carboxyl group = polar
a. Called ‘hydrophilic’ – water loving
b. “head” points outward
2. Hydrocarbon end = nonpolar a. hydrophobic – water fearing or hating
b. “tails” point inward

5. Complex lipids- divided by their structure. A. 3 groups
1. Triglyceride – 3 fatty acid (mostly Fatty acids) joined to one glycerol molecule.
a. Saturated triglycerides – saturated fatty
acids found in animals fats, molecular structure totally bonded.
b. Unsaturated triglycerides – unsaturated
fatty acids found in plant seeds and fruits, molecular structure, contains double
bonds.

6. 2. Phospholipids – 2 fatty acids
joined by a glycerol molecule.
a. 2 layers in a cells membrane (bi-layer)
b. Provides a stable and effective barrier
for the membrane.

7. 3. wax – structural lipid
a. Long fatty-acid chain joined with a long alcohol chain.
b. Highly waterproof, protects plants and animals in their cellular structures. (ear wax)
Steroids- a lipid that is not composed of fatty acids, but are made of 4 fused carbon rings with a functional group attached.
- Examples:
a. Testosterone & cholesterol

8. Nucleic Acids

9. Nucleic Acids- Macromolecules assembled by monomers known as Nucleotides. They contain Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen and Phosphate and nitrogen.
A. Stores information, transmits information, directs genetic information and directs cell activity-
2 types…
1). Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) – important for all cell activities & cell division.
(Deoxyribose) SUGAR
2). Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) –
important for manufacturing proteins
(Ribose) SUGAR

10. B. Nucleotides – subunits of nucleic acids
B. Nucleotides – subunits of nucleic acids.(4 different kinds, called bases)
1). Made of three parts:
a.) Phosphate group
b.) 5-carbon sugar
c.) Ring shaped nitrogenous base.

11. a. Adenine b. Thymine c. Guanine d. Cytosine
C. 4 different nitrogenous bases:
a. Adenine
b. Thymine
c. Guanine
d. Cytosine
1) These bases can be arranged in certain orders to act as a code for genetic information, forming proteins.