1. Benchmark Exam Review 1st Nine Weeks
USII.4e-USII.6d

2. 1. What are the negative effects of industrialization?
Child labor
Low wages, long hours
Unsafe working conditions

3. 2. Rise of Organized Labor
*Formation of Labor Unions-the American Federation of Labor Supported/fought for higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.
*Strikes- The Homestead Strike ended with non-union workers accepting lower wages.

4. 3. What were the Progressive Movement workplace reforms?
Improved safety conditions
Reduced work hours
Restrictions on child labor

5. 4. What opportunities did women gain during women’s suffrage?
Increased educational opportunities
Attained voting rights

6. 4. What amendment gave women these rights?
The nineteenth amendment

7. Who worked for women’s suffrage?
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton

8. 5. The Temperance Movement
Composed of groups opposed to the making and consuming of alcohol
Supported which amendment? The eighteenth amendment

9. 5. What did the 18th amendment do?
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol.

10. 6. What were the causes for the Spanish American War?
Protection of American business interests in Cuba
American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain
Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the USS Maine
Exaggerated news reports called YELLOW JOURNALISM

11. 7. What were the results of the Spanish American war?
The USA emerged as a world power
Cuba gained independence from Spain
US gained possession of Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico

12. 7a. Where did the Spanish American War take place?
CUBA

13. 8. Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign Policies
Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine as a way to prevent European involvement in the affairs of Latin American countries.

14. 9. Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policies and their impact on the United States included the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine which states:
A. Asserted the United States right to interfere in economic matters of nations in the Americas.
B. Claimed the United States’ rights to exercise international police power (use of military)
C. Advocated the “Big Stick” Diplomacy (building of the Panama Canal)

15. 10. Give the 4 reasons the USA got involved in WWI.
Inability to remain neutral
German submarine warfare—sinking of the Lusitania
US economic and political ties to Great Britain
Zimmerman Telegram

16. 11. Who were the WWI Allies?
British Empire (Great Britain)
Serbia
France
Belgium
Russia * USA

17. 11. Who were the Central Powers during WWI?
German Empire
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Ottoman Empire

18. 11a. When the US joined WWI, which side did they join?
The USA joined on the side of the Allies.

19. 12. At the end of WWI, President Woodrow Wilson prepared a peace plan known as the 14 Points that called for the formation of the League of Nations, a peacekeeping organization.

20. 13. Which country did not join the League of Nations?
The United States

21. 14. Why didn’t the above country join the League of Nations?
The United States Senate failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles

22. 15. List 4 results of improved transportation.
Greater mobility
Creation of jobs
Movement to suburban areas
Growth of transportation related industries (oil, steel, road construction)

23. 16. Why are the Wright Brothers well known?
Invention of the Airplane

24. 17. Who was known for the use of the assembly line, automobile and rise of mechanization?
Henry Ford

25. 18. List 3 communication changes.
Increased availability of telephones
Development of movies
Development of radio and the broadcast industry

26. 19. List 4 ways electrification changed American life.
Labor saving products (electric stove, water pump, washing machine)
Electric lighting
Entertainment (radio)
Improved communication

27. 20. What is prohibition?
Prohibition made it illegal to manufacture, transport, and sell alcoholic beverages

28. 21. What amendment did Prohibition uphold?
The eighteenth amendment
What amendment repealed it? The 21st Amendment

29. 22. What are speakeasies?
Places for people to drink illegal alcoholic beverages

30. 23. What (Who) are bootleggers?
People who smuggled illegal alcohol and promoted organized crime.

31. 24. List 4 facts about the Great Migration.
Jobs for African Americans in the South were scarce and low paying.
African Americans faced discrimination and violence in the South.

32. 24. List 4 facts about the Great Migration(continued).
African Americans moved to northern cities for employment opportunities (jobs)
African Americans also faced discrimination and violence in the North.

33. 25. Georgia O’Keeffe
Art—artist known for urban and later southwest scenes

34. Literature—novelist who wrote about the 1920’s
25. F Scott Fitzgerald
Literature—novelist who wrote about the 1920’s

35. Literature—novelist who wrote about migrant workers in the 1930’s
25. John Steinbeck
Literature—novelist who wrote about migrant workers in the 1930’s

36. Music: Uniquely American Music
25. Aaron Copland
Music: Uniquely American Music

37. Music: Uniquely American Music
25. George Gershwin
Music: Uniquely American Music

38. 25. Jacob Lawrence
Art: painter who chronicled the Great Migration

39. 25. Langston Hughes
Literature: poet who combined African and American cultural roots

40. 25. Duke Ellington
Music: Jazz composer

41. 25. Louis Armstrong
Music: Jazz composer

42. 25. Bessie Smith
Music: Blues singer

43. 26. List the causes of the Great Depression.
People overspeculated on stocks using borrowed money they couldn’t repay when stock prices crashed
The Federal Reserve failed to prevent the collapse of the banking system
High tariffs strangled international trade

44. 27. List 4 ways the Great Depression impacted Americans
A large number of banks and businesses failed
¼ or 25% of workers were without jobs
Large numbers of people were hungry and homeless
Farmers’ incomes fell to low levels

45. 28. List 5 major features of the New Deal.
Social Security
Federal Work Programs
Environmental Improvement Plans
Farms Assistance Programs
Increased Rights for Labor

46. First Quarter Benchmark SOL’s on the First Nine Weeks Test
USII.3b, 4c-USII.4d

47. 1. Reconstruction Policies and Problems included:
A. Southern military leaders could not old office
B. African Americans could hold public office
C. African Americans gained equal rights as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also authorized the use of Federal troops for its enforcement

48. Reconstruction Policies and Problems Cont:
D. Northern soldiers supervised the South
E. The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South
F. Southerners resented Northern “carpetbaggers”, who took advantage of the South during Reconstruction
G. Southern states adopted Black Codes to limit the economic and physical freedoms of former slaves.

49. 2. The End of Reconstruction
A. Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876.
B. Federal troops were removed from the South.
C. Rights that African Americans had gained were lost through “Jim Crow” laws.

50. 3. Discrimination against African American continued after:
Reconstruction or The Civil War

51. 4. What is racial segregation?
*Based upon race
*Directed primarily against African Americans, but other groups were also kept segregated.

52. 5. “Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans.
Although these laws were legal in many communities and states, they were enforced primarily in the South/Southeast region.

53. 6. “Jim Crow” laws were characterized by unequal treatment in what 4 areas?
Housing
Work
Education
Government

54. 7. African American responses included:
*Booker T. Washington
Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education; accepted social separation.

55. 7. *W.E.B. Dubois
Believed in full political, civil, social rights for African Americans

56. 8. Between the Civil War and WWI, the US was transformed
from an agricultural
to an industrial nation.

57. 9.. List 4 reasons for the rise and prosperity of big business.
National markets created by transportation advances.
Captains of Industry
John D. Rockefeller—oil
Andrew Carnegie—steel
Henry Ford--automobile

58. 9. List 4 reasons for the rise and prosperity of big business (con’t)
Advertising
Lower-cost production

59. 10. . List 4 factors resulting in the growth of industry.
Access to raw materials and energy
Availability of workforce
Inventions
Financial resources provided by the Captains of Industry.

60. 11. Examples of Big Business:
*railroads
*oil
*steel

61. 12. Industrialization and the rise of big business influenced life on American farms by:
Mechanization (the reaper)—reduced farm labor needs and increased production
Industrial development in cities increased labor needs.
Industrialization provided access to consumer goods such as mail order.

62. USII.2c Regions Review 14. Meatpacking- Midwest
15. New York City- Northeast
16. Automobile industry- Midwest
17. Jim Crow Laws- Southeast
18. San Francisco- Pacific
19. Textile industry- Northeast
20. Denver- Western/Rocky Mountains

63. Regions Review 21. Harlem Renaissance- Northeast
22. Atlanta- Southeast
23. Great Plains- Midwest
24. Ellis Island (NY)- Northeast
25. Hull House (Chicago)- Midwest
26. Steel industry- Northeast
27. Homestead Strike (PA)- Northeast
28. New Orleans- Southeast
29. Juneau- Non-contiguous
30. New England- Northeast

64. Regions Review 31. Boston- Northeast 32. Pittsburgh- Northeast
33. Detroit- Midwest
34. Santa Fe- Southwest
35. Salt Lake City- Western/Rocky Mountains
36. Los Angeles- Pacific
37. Honolulu- Non-contiguous
38. Philadelphia- Northeast
39. Angel Island, CA- Pacific
40. Washington D.C.- Southeast

65. Regions Review 41. St. Louis- Midwest 42. San Antonio- Southwest
43. Seattle- Pacific
44. Chicago- Midwest
45. Nebraska- Midwest
46. Ohio- Midwest
47. Maine- Northeast
48. Florida- Southeast
49. North Dakota- Midwest
50. Oklahoma- Southwest

66. Congratulations! Get your parents to sign the study guide!
Study hard so you can make a good grade and make your parents smile!