1. Forensics
Chapter 1
R. Hamblin

2. Definition and Scope
Forensic science is the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforce by police agencies in a criminal system.
The focus of forensic science is the Crime Lab – using the principles and techniques of the following disciplines:

3. Biology

4. Chemistry

5. Geology

6. Anthropology
“Ouch!!!”

7. History and Development of Forensics

8. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 – 1930) Scottish physician and writer
created Sherlock Holmes

9. Mathieu Orfila (
The “father of forensic toxicology”, wrote the first treatise on poisons & their effects in 1814

10. Aphonse Bertillon ( )
Devised the first scientific system of personal identification
Body measurement known as anthropometry

11. Francis Galton ( )
Undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints
Developed a method of classifying fingerprints

12. Leone Lattes (1887-1954 from a dried blood stain
Devised a simple procedure for determining / restoring blood type
from a dried blood stain

13. Calvin Goddard (1891-1955) Comparison Microscope
First to use a comparison microscope to determine if a bullet was fired from a specific gun
Comparison Microscope

14. Albert S. Osborn ( )
Developed fundamental principles of document analysis
Is credited for the use of documents as scientific evidence in courts

15. Hans Gross ( )
Application of scientific disciplines to the field of investigation
Microscopy
Chemistry
Physics
Mineralogy
Zoology
Botany
Anthropometry
Fingerprinting
Author, also created first forensic journal Kriminologie

16. Edmond Locard (1877-1966) “Sherlock Holmes of France”
Incorporated Gross’ principles into a crime lab
founded the Institute of Criminalistics in Lyons, France

17. Locard’s Exchange Principle:
Every criminal can be connected to a crime by dust particles carried from the crime scene
“Whenever two objects come into contact with one another, there is exchange of materials between them.”

18. FBI LABORATORY
J. Edgar Hoover ( )