1. History of Forensics
CHS

2. Define Forensics
Forensics is the application of science to law.

3. Earliest record of applying forensics to solve a crime
Yi Yu Ji “A collection of criminal cases”
Chinese woman suspected of murder
Her husband was found dead after a fire broke out.
Coroner solved the case by
Noticing that there was no ashes in the husbands mouth
He decided to experiment by burning 2 pigs
One alive one dead
Dead pig - no ashes in mouth
Live pig- ashes in mouth

4. Earliest record of applying entomology to solve a crime
The Chinese lawyer and death investigator Sung Tzu Described a murder.
A stabbing took place near a rice field.
The day after the murder the investigator had all the workers put out their sickles.
Small unseen traces of blood attracted Blowflies to only one sickle

5. Mathieu Orfila the father of forensic toxicology. He published:
A General System of Toxicology, or, a Treatise on Poisons, Drawn from the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Considered as to their Relations with Physiology, Pathology and Medical Jurisprudence

6. Alphonse Bertillion
Devised the first scientific system of personal identification in 1879.

7. Francis Galton
Conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification
He wrote about the technique identifying common pattern in fingerprints and devising a classification system that survives to this day.
The method of identifying criminals by their fingerprints had been introduced in the 1860s by Sir William James Herschel in India

8. Leone Lattes
                                                                                                
Developed a procedure to determine blood type from dried bloodstains.

9. Calvin Goddard
Used a comparison microscope to determine if a particular gun fired a bullet.

11. Evidence Processing in the St Valentine’s Day Massacre in Chicago
The shooters had left behind 70 empty 45 caliber cartridge casings and the weapons that fired them were identified by Calvin Goddard as .45-caliber Thomson submachine guns.
By differentiating two distinct sets of ejector marks on the cartridge case, Goddard determined that two weapons had fired the seventy shells. Fifty cartridges had been fired from one Thompson and twenty from the other

12. LOOK AWAY

13. Albert Osborn
Developed the fundamental principles of document examination.
Handwriting  ”Evidence" in the Lindbergh Case 

15. Walter McCrone
Utilized microscopy and other analytical methodologies to examine evidence.
Found titanium in paint, proving the Vinland map a forgery
Titanium anatase wasn’t discovered until 1920.
Vinland map

16. Hans Gross
Wrote the first treatise describing the application of scientific principles to the field of criminal investigation.
Father of modern criminalistics.

17. Edmond Locard
Incorporated Gross’ principles within a workable crime laboratory.
Exchange Principle - Trace evidence is based on Locard’s Exchange Principle which contends that every contact, no matter how slight, will leave a trace. The trace is normally caused by objects or substances contacting one another, and leaving a minute sample on the contact surfaces.

18. References
Criminalistics, Saferstein, Criminalistics, Saferstein, 9th edition, 2007

19. Pictures Slide 2 http://to55er.wordpress.com/2009/07/08/
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Criminalistics, Saferstein, Criminalistics, Saferstein, 9th edition, 2007
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20. Pictures