1. How does an artist sell his work? Support himself with his art?
Who is the patron?
How does an artist sell his work? Support himself with his art?

4. Salon Exhibitions
conservative juries controlled who was accepted into the Salons; the academic standard favored
slick technique (no visible brushwork),
mildly idealized subject matter (not realism)
content that offered engaging, anecdotal storylines

5. the avant-garde French for “vanguard” –the foremost position of an advancing army
The avant-garde began to have private exhibitions, because they were rejected by the conservative Academy juries.
1874 Salons des Refusés –the most famous—presented the work of the artists we now refer to as Impressionists.
1884 the Société des Artistes Indépendants began holding the annual Salon des Indépendants: their “motto”--Sans jury ni récompense—no jury and no awards.

6. Adolphe-William Bouguereau Nymphs and a Satyr 1873
What elements in this work are Romantic and what elements demonstrate naturalism?
How can you tell that this work is influenced by the expectations of the “Academy?”
For whose gaze is this work intended?
Is it art?
Adolphe-William Bouguereau
Nymphs and a Satyr
1873
Oil on canvas
9’ x 6’ approx

7. Rosa Bonheur Plowing in the Nivernais: The Dressing of the Vines 1849
The scene is the horse market in Paris, and the dome of La Salpêtrière is visible in the background. This is a reduced version of Bonheur's original 'Horse Fair', exhibited at the Salon of 1853 (New York, Metropolitan Museum). Although finished and signed by Bonheur, this painting was begun by the artist's life-long friend, Nathalie Micas. The dealer Ernest Gambart acquired it in 1855, and it was engraved by Thomas Landseer.
Rosa Bonheur Plowing in the Nivernais: The Dressing of the Vines
What elements in this work are Romantic and what elements demonstrate naturalism?
How can you tell that this work is influenced by the expectations of the “Academy?”

8. Rosa Bonheur The Horse Fair 1855
The scene is the horse market in Paris, and the dome of La Salpêtrière is visible in the background. This is a reduced version of Bonheur's original 'Horse Fair', exhibited at the Salon of 1853 (New York, Metropolitan Museum). Although finished and signed by Bonheur, this painting was begun by the artist's life-long friend, Nathalie Micas. The dealer Ernest Gambart acquired it in 1855, and it was engraved by Thomas Landseer.
Rosa Bonheur The Horse Fair
What elements in this work are Romantic and what elements demonstrate naturalism?
How can you tell that this work is influenced by the expectations of the “Academy?”

9. Claude Monet Impression: Sunrise 1873