1. Running Water

2. Running water
Water as an agent of erosion; water in streams, tributaries (larger streams) and rivers that flow down hill therefore changing the landscape (erosion)

3. Running water
Abrasion – wearing away of rock by grinding action

4. 3 ways rock is carried by water
Solution – mineral matter dissolved from bedrock is carried in a river (25%)

5. 3 ways rock is carried by water
Suspension – small rock materials, silt and clay, carried by a river are stirred up & kept from sinking by the turbulence of stream flow (50%)

6. 3 ways rock is carried by water
Bed Load – sand, gravel, pebbles, and boulders that are moved along the bed of a stream & that are too heavy to be carried in suspension (25%)

7. Carrying Power – how much total sediments a stream can carry and the size of the particles being carried by the stream at given time and stream velocity

8. Discharge – volume of water flowing past a given point in a stream at a given time

9. Stream features depend on 3 major things
1. The type of rock being eroded.
2. The amount of water & sediment
3. The climate of the area

10. Base Level – the level of the body of water into which a stream flows

11. Gully – a miniature valley formed by erosion from heavy rains

12. Headward Erosion – wearing away of land at the head of a gully or a stream valley

13. More Headward Erosion

14. Divide – the higher land separating two adjacent drainage basins

15. Continental Divide
made of Rocky Mountains and Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains
Streams on the East drain into the Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico
Streams to the West drain into the Pacific

17. Stream Velocity – the speed of water at a given point at a given time
Drainage system - Streams flow into larger streams (tributaries), which flow into rivers, which flow into oceans … cumulative denotes a “drainage system”

18. Drainage Basin (watershed) – an area of land who’s runoff supplies water to the stream of a drainage system - area drained by a river system

22. Stream Piracy – the diversion of the upper part of one stream by the headward growth of another stream

23. Water Gap – a pass
in a mountain
ridge through
which a
stream flows,
created by
resistant rock
layers

25. Life of a River A Youthful Stream Narrow V-shaped valley Down cutting
Swift water
Steep gradient
Erosion is dominant

27. Mature Stream
Lateral Erosion begins
Meanders develop
Floodplains develop
Gradient lowers

29. Old Age
Wide meanders and oxbow lakes
Wide floodplain
Low velocity
Low gradient
Dynamic equilibrium between erosion and deposition

30. Flow speed High velocity (erosion): Outside of curve Middle of surface
Well below the surface
Increase in discharge
Increases with increase
in gradient

31. Flow speed Low velocity (deposition): Inside of curve
Edges of river surface
Decrease in discharge
Decreases with decrease in gradient

34. Flash Flood – a sudden rush of water, usually caused by a single cloudburst over the narrow valley of a young mountain stream

37. 3 Common types of natural dams
A. landslides
B. ice jams 
C. volcanoes

38. 3 Common types of artificial flood control
A. build up levees
B. pump rising water into back swamp reservoirs
C. build a series of dams and control the overall flow of the river

39. Features…
Meander – a curve in a mature or old stream

40. Mississippi River

41. Features…
Oxbow Lake – crescent- shaped lake formed when a river meander gets cut off from the river and the ends of the original bend have ‘silted up’
Erosion on the outside bend of a river
Deposition of the inside bend of a river

43. Features…
Floodplain – the broad flat valley floor carved by a meandering stream and often covered with water when a stream floods
Levee – a natural or artificial bank confining a stream or river channel

47. Pothole – deep oval or circular holes cut into a stream bed by abrasion from swirling sand & pebbles. Very large ones are called plunge pools

48. Delta – a fan-shaped deposit of sediment formed at the mouth of a stream or river when it flows into a quiet body of water, such as a lake, gulf, or inland sea (ex. Mississippi & Nile river deltas)

49. Laizhou Bay (Laizhou Wan) is the southern arm of the Bohai Sea (also Known as the Bohai Bay, or just Bo Hai), which is a large relatively shallow extension of the Korea Bay

50. Nile River Delta

51. Alluvial Fan – sloping triangular deposits of sediment located where a mountain stream reaches level land (ex. At the foot of the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada’s)

52. Online quiz…