1. Religions of the World:
Judaism

2. Hebrews - Founders of Judaism:
Most sacred text - Torah
They once lived in Mesopotamia and migrated to Canaan.
Monotheistic/One god
Ten Commandments (laws) – Appear 2x in the Torah (Exodus and Deuteronomy)

3. Prophets: Urged Hebrews to obey God’s laws
Preached strong code of ethics (moral standards)
Urged personal morality and social justice, calling on the rich and powerful to protect the poor and weak

4. Hebrews: Established Israel by 1000 B.C.
Solomon’s temple built in Jerusalem
Lived under foreign rulers until about 2000 years ago when they were forced to leave their homeland
The scattering of Jews sent them to different parts of the world… Diaspora
They kept close knit communities and kept their traditions

5. First 5 books of Torah:
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy

6. Bar Mitzvah: Boys become responsible for observing the commandments
Happens when they’re 13
Bat Mitzvah - same thing for girls (when they reach the age of 12)

7. Kosher: The type of food that an Orthodox Jew must always eat
Observing Jewish food laws
Restrictions on the foods suitable for Jews are derived from rules in the books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy
Strict observance of these rules today is confined mainly to Orthodox Jews

8. Kosher (Continued): Restrictions include:
a. Animals must be slaughtered and
prepared in a prescribed way (i.e., blood
is drained from the body)
b. Certain creatures (notably pigs and
shellfish) are forbidden altogether
c. Only animals that chew their cud and
have cloven hooves are kosher. Thus,
beef, sheep, lamb, goats and deer may
be eaten as long as they have no
diseases or flaws

9. Kosher (Continued): d. Pig, camel and rabbits are forbidden to eat
e. Meat and milk must not be
combined or eaten together at the
same meal (3-6 hours apart)
f. Separate utensils must be kept for
each

10. Moses:
Person who led the Jews out of Egypt

11. rabbi:
Religious teacher of Judaism

12. Animal never eaten by Jewish b/c it has split hooves and is unclean:
pig

13. Holy Land for Jewish people:
Israel

14. CHRISTIANITY: Founder was a Jew named Jesus
Was prophesied to be the messiah (savior sent by God to lead the Jews to freedom)
Teachings of Jesus are firmly rooted in Jewish religion
Believed in 1 God / accepted the 10 commandments (laws given to Jews)
Jesus called himself the son of God and taught that his mission was to bring salvation and eternal life to all of God’s children
Mercy/sympathy for poor and helpless
Include forgiveness and love for enemies

15. Continued…
Followers believed Jesus had risen from the dead and ascended into heaven.
Eventually, some Jews accepted Christ’s teachings and became the first Christians
Was a sect of Judaism until it spread to non-Jews

16. Catholicism:
Was the only type of Christianity when it first started

17. Other major group of Christianity:
Protestant
Any form of Christianity that does not fall under Catholicism or Eastern Orthodox Christian are considered Protestants (i.e., Baptist, Lutheran, Mormon, Presbyterian, Methodist, Evangelical, Episcopal, Amish, Mennonite, Jehovah’s Witness, etc.,)

18. The Trinity:
Father
Son
Holy spirit / ghost

19. First 4 books of the New Testament:
Gospels

20. Pope:
Leader of the Catholic Church

21. Baptism:
The religious rite of sprinkling water onto the forehead of a person (usually when he/she is an infant) or immersing him/her in water, symbolizing admission to the Christian Church. Some, however, think it is to remove original sin (purification).
Some Christians believe this shouldn’t be done until one is an adult so that the person can truly understand what it is that’s happening and can take an active part

22. Crucifixion:
Method used to kill Jesus, which was a typical form of execution during that time