1. BIOLOGY 30S: UNIT 1 WELLNESS & HOMEOSTASIS

2. What does Wellness mean to you?
Health vs. Wellness

3. WELLNESS IS NOT THE SAME AS HEALTH
Wellness refers to the interrelationship between the physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual, interpersonal or social, and environmental aspects of life.
Health generally refers only to the physical well-being of an individual

4. Wellness
Being physically active and eating well are an important part of wellness.
However, there are many other things you can do to promote wellness.
Spending time with friends and family
Doing things to promote relaxation
Being aware of family health conditions

5. Wellness
physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual, interpersonal or social, and environmental
With A Partner
Take 3-5 mins to brainstorm at least 2 activities that promote wellness in each of the 6 areas of wellness listed above.

6. How “well” are we?
Read through and complete the Wellness Check up When complete, use your Checklist to summarize your results. ~5-10 Sentences

7. Family Medical History
Outcome: Increase awareness of personal wellness, as well as personal and family health history.
Interview 2 family members
Take notes and summarize interviews
Summarize work as a family medical tree
Complete reflection responses.

8. Pedigree
A pedigree is a graphic representation of genetic inheritance used to map genetic inheritance or family history relationships.
Symbols:
Male Female Married Adopted
Twins siblings deceased
divorced/ separated

10. Homeostasis

11. Homeostasis
Same State

12. Predict how the following words are connected…
Hormones
Body Temperature
Brain
Water Levels
Blood Sugar Levels
Breathing
Nerve Signals
Liver
Kidneys
Hot Environment

13. Homeostasis
Cruise Control on a car as a simple metaphor for homeostasis
When a car is put on cruise control it has a set speed limit that it will travel.
At times this speed may vary by a few miles per hour but in general the system will maintain the set speed.
If the car starts to go up a hill, the systems will automatically increase the amount of fuel given to maintain the set speed.
If the car starts to come down a hill, the car will automatically decrease the amount of fuel given in order to maintain the set speed.
* It is the same with homeostasis

14. What happens to your body when you are cold? Why does this happen?

15. Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, which is vital for organisms to stay healthy.
Fluctuation in temperature,
water levels and nutrient
concentrations that are too
extreme could lead to death.

16. Human Body Constants
Body temperature 37 degrees Celsius
Blood pressure of about 160/106 Kpa
Blood pH near 7.4
Blood glucose concentration about 100mg/ml
These “normals” do vary slightly, but only within a very limited range for the body to function.
Feedback mechanisms help the body stabilize systems against excessive changes.

17. Positive Feedback Positive feedback (less common)
is a chemical response to a stimulus that reinforces the original change.
Ex. Calf and Milk
the more a calf drinks milk  the more milk the cow will produce
Contractions during labor
the hormone oxytocin is released and contractions increase  more contractions means more oxytocin  more contractions.

18. Negative Feedback
Negative feedback (the most common feedback mechanism)
This is a chemical response to a stimulus that opposes the original change.
Ex. Thermostat in your home

19. Inside Temp. Falls below 20C Thermostat detects Tells furnace to turn on Inside Temp. Rises above 20C Tells furnace to turn off

20. How do Homeostatic Mechanisms work?
There are 3 main components in any feed back mechanism:
Sensor: detects variation in the “set point” and will send a message to the coordinating sensor.
Coordinating Center: sends message to a specific effector to correct the change from the “set point”.
Effector: body systems that act to correct the changes from the “set point”.

21. Homeostasis keeps the body functioning by:
1. Osmoregulation (Pressure) 2. Thermoregulation 3. Maintaining Glucose levels 4. Maintaining calcium levels 5. Balancing Fluid Levels

22. Negative Feedback Homeostatic Systems in Humans
Thermoregulation- (temperature regulation)
Sensor: specialized skin receptors
Coordinating center: hypothalamus in the brain detects changes in temperature and sends chemical/ hormonal signals to effectors.
Effectors: Sweat glands and muscles

23. When you are cold…. Your body produces and saves heat
Shivering: muscles contract and relax spontaneously ---> produces heat ---> warms blood
-Vasoconstriction: arterioles near skin become narrower so little blood can flow through them (the blood flows through the deep-lying capillaries instead)---> conserve heat
Metabolism may increase ---> release energy
Hair stands up. In human, it just produces ‘goose bumps’.

24. When you are hot…. Your body loses more heat
Sweating: droplets of sweat evaporate, cooling the body
Vasodilation: more blood flows near skin surface ---> lose heat
Hair lies flat.

25. Negative Feedback Homeostatic Systems in Humans
2. Osmoregulation (water balance) Sensor: Changes in water levels of as little as 1% Coordinating Center: Hypothalamus of the brain 1. detects changes in water level in the blood. 2. sends a chemical/hormone signals to cells to increase/ decrease water absorption. Effectors: Cells of the body increase/decrease water absorption.

26. Osmoregulation
This is control to protect cells from too much water entering or leaving them.
Water content is controlled by water loss from:
the lungs when we exhale
the skin by sweating
the body, in urine produced by the kidneys

27. Negative Feedback Homeostatic Systems in Humans
3. Waste Management
Ability of the body to remove harmful waste
Ex. Ammonia (break down of proteins)
Leftover food
carbon dioxide
alcohol
Effector: Liver, kidneys, lungs, skin, stomach

28. Homeostasis
Homeostasis depends on actions and interactions of a number of body systems to maintain a range of conditions within which the body can best operate.
Because the external environment is constantly changing, our bodies rely on homeostatic responses to bring our bodies back to equilibrium.

29. A Cold Walk
Before leaving the house you put on your winter outerwear – boots, mitts, hat, scarf and parka. The increased amount of clothing traps body heat and you being to sweat as your body tries to cool down. As you leave the house and enter the cold winter air your exposed cheeks feel cold.
Near the end of the walk you notice your toes and fingers beginning to feel numb. At this point your whole body shivers as you jog the final distance to school. When you arrive at school you’re glad to find the run has warmed up your fingers and toes, however, as you walk through the hallways you find yourself beginning to sweat again.

31. The Swimming Race
1. Read through and follow Debra’s progress through her race
2. Read again & fill in the information presented into the back of the sheet.
Concluded whether Debra won the race or not.
HAND IN WHEN DONE!