1. Benjamin Franklin Most famous colonial scientist.
Published Poor Richard’s Almanac. Book of advise.
Inventions included: lightning rod, stove, bifocal glasses.
Never patented any of his inventions, b/c he said “I want everyone to be able to enjoy my inventions.”
Started the first subscription library in the Colonies.
Opened an academy (later became University of Pennsylvania)

2. Conflicts in the Colonies
CHAPTER 6
Conflicts in the Colonies
Section 1: Trouble on the Frontier
Section 2: Consequences of the French and Indian War
Section 3: Trouble over Taxes
Section 4: New Taxes and Tensions

3. Trouble on the Frontier
SECTION 1
Trouble on the Frontier
Colonists’ Relations w/ American Indians
As more settlers came to America, tensions w/ Indians grew and finally erupted into violence.
A conflict called King Phillips War set the settlers militia against the Indians.
Indian raids led to America retaliation, which led to Indian raids, which led to retaliation, etc…

4. SECTION 1 Conflicts with France
England & France became bitter rivals for land in North America.
Wars were fought between the two countries for the better part of 25 years between 1680’s – 1700’s.
Colonists knew they had to be prepared for problems with the French. This prompted Ben Franklin and other Colonial leaders to try and come up with a plan against the French.
Albany Plan of the Union
Cartoon. What does it mean?

5. Franklin came up with the idea for the Albany Plan of the Union.
This plan called for the colonies to unite and fight as one.
However the colonial government did not want to give up each states power, and the Plan was thwarted.

6. SECTION 1 French & Indian War
France & England were clashing over fur trading rights in the Ohio River Valley.
George Washington is sent to tell the French to leave the territory.
French laugh and send Washington back scolded.
French pick up allies in Indians.
English go to attack French, but to their surprise, the French were already on their way.

7. Washington is forced to build Fort Necessity.
French attack the fort and leave many casualties.
The English knew little about fighting frontier wars, so they had trouble fighting the French in America.
Turning point of the war was when British General James Wolfe captured the capitol city of Quebec.
From that point on, the British won most of the important battles.

8. New Land acquired In Treaty
SECTION 1
Treaty of Paris 1763
Finally, in 1763 Great Britain defeated the French and made France sign the Treaty of Paris 1763.
The treaty redrew the map of North America.
France gave up Canada as well as all lands west of the Mississippi. (Except for New Orleans)
This made Britain a major power in North America and made Spain the only threat to Britain.
New Land acquired
In Treaty
Original 13
Colonies

9. SECTION 1
Trouble on the Frontier
Question:
What were the effects of the French and Indian War on the British colonies?

10. Trouble on the Frontier
SECTION 1
Trouble on the Frontier
Cause
Effects
French and Indian War
British colonies grew in size.
Britain became a dominant power in the Americas.
Spain grew in power in the Americas.

11. Consequences of the French and Indian War
SECTION 2
Consequences of the French and Indian War
The Frontier
The westernmost land was called the frontier.
The first settlers to move to the frontier were called Pioneers.
The Appalachian Mountains were a major blockage to pioneers wanting to settle the frontier.
With the end of the French & Indian War, the frontier opened and more pioneers moved west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Appalachian Mountains

12. Conflict in the Ohio River Valley
SECTION 2
Conflict in the Ohio River Valley
British believed they had the rights to the French land of the Ohio River Valley.
The land flourished with wonderful soil, and lots of wildlife. (Oh yeah, and lots of Indians too.)

13. B/c they were taking away the Indians land, this led to constant conflict between the two.
Indians began to band together to fight against the British.
Pontiac’s Rebellion – for 3 years, Chief Pontiac his Indian Army attacked and killed many British at their Forts. Eventually he had to surrender b/c of lost troops.

14. SECTION 2 The Proclamation of 1763
B/c of Tensions w/ Indians, complaints grew to the King of England to do something about this problem.
His response was the Proclamation of 1763.
This law banned the British from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
It created a border between Colonial and Indian lands.

15. With all of the new land to the West of the Appalachian Mountains, this law upset many colonists.
The angry colonists did not like the Kings attempt at controlling them.

16. SECTION 2
Consequences of the French and Indian War
Question:
What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763, and how effective was it?

17. Consequences of the French and Indian War
SECTION 2
Consequences of the French and Indian War
Proclamation of 1763
Purpose:
Effectiveness:
to keep settlers from fighting with American Indians by not allowing settlement across the Appalachian Mountains
not very effective; colonists crossed the Appalachians and continued to fight with American Indians

18. Trouble over Colonists’ Rights
SECTION 3
Trouble over Colonists’ Rights
Raising Taxes
Britain had racked up major debt in their war against France.
Prime Minister George Grenville asked Parliament to tax the colonists. (not to high, in fact, not even as much as the British in England)
Sugar Act – At Grenville’s request, Parliament passed the Sugar Act (1764).
This put a tax on all sugar and sugar products.

19. This was the first act passed to specifically to raise money in the colonies rather than to regulate trade.
Parliament also began checking for smuggling and making things harder for colonial merchants.

20. Taxation without Representation
SECTION 3
Taxation without Representation
Parliaments actions upset many colonists. Merchants thought that the taxes were unfair and hurt business.
James Otis – one of the first to protest “taxation w/out Representation”.
Argued that they must have representation in Parliament if they are to be taxed. W/no voice in Parliament, the taxes were against the Colonist’s rights.

21. Samuel Adams – agreed with Otis about taxation
Samuel Adams – agreed with Otis about taxation. Together they formed the Committees of Correspondence.
Committees of Correspondence – groups that contacted other towns to inform them about what was going on.
Boycott – a way for colonists to challenge the taxes.

22. Sons of Liberty protesting
SECTION 3
The Stamp Act
B/c of the Colonial boycott, not much money was coming in from the Sugar Tax. So Grenville needed a new plan.
Stamp Act – affected most colonists. Had to get a stamp on every piece of paper you bought.
The first effort to raise money by taxing the colonists.
Sons of Liberty protesting
The Stamp Act.

23. Sons of Liberty – Secret societies formed to help protest the taxes
Sons of Liberty – Secret societies formed to help protest the taxes. Sam Adams was a leader. Sometimes used violence to threaten tax collectors.
Patrick Henry – Spoke out openly against what the British were doing. During speech he was accused of committing Treason. He said, “if this be treason, then make the most of it !”

24. Repealing the Stamp Act
SECTION 3
Repealing the Stamp Act
As word of Henry’s speeches spread throughout the colonies, Colonists decided to meet to discuss the issue.
Stamp Act Congress – When the colonists met to decide how to handle the Stamp Act.
They issued a declaration asking Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act.
Parliament members having
A funeral for the Stamp Act

25. As pressure grew to repeal the Stamp Act, Parliament caved and Repealed it in 1766.
But to show their displeasure with the colonists challenging their authority, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act.
Declaratory Act – said that Parliament had the right to pass whatever laws it saw fit in the colonies. (in other words… Parliament makes the rules, not the colonists)

26. Reasons Colonists Disliked the Taxes:
SECTION 3
Trouble over Taxes
New Taxes
Reasons Colonists Disliked the Taxes:
taxation without representation
reflected British efforts to gain more control
challenged the colonists’ efforts to be more autonomous
hurt colonial economy

27. New Taxes and Tensions SECTION 4 The Townshend Acts
In 1767, Parliament again flexed their muscles and passed the Townshend Acts.
Put a tax on many goods, so the colonists couldn’t boycott. (lead, paper, tea, paint, glass)
To quiet all of the problems in the colonies, the King sent over troops. He used the money from the Townshend acts to pay these people.
This violated an agreement never to have a standing army in the colonies w/out their consent.

28. British officials used writs of assistance (blank search warrants) to enforce their taxes and to stop smuggling.
The colonists responded once again by boycotting
Women who supported the boycott were called the Daughters of Liberty.
Troops are sent to Boston to Quiet troubles.

29. SECTION 4 Boston Massacre
People of Boston were upset about having the army in their city w/out their consent.
Both sides disliked each other. Name calling and fights between soldiers and locals often broke out.
Tensions finally exploded on March 5, 1770.
Boston Massacre Story
Sons of Liberty used this event as a form of propaganda (info. Giving only one side of the story). John Adams defended the soldiers. (said it was self-defense) Then soldiers were found guilty, but only got a slap on the wrist.

30. SECTION 4
A Tax on Tea
To reduce the tensions, Parliament repealed most of the Townshend Acts.
The one part they didn’t repeal was the tax on Tea. Even w/the boycott, Tea was popular in the Colonies.
British East India Company tries to help out king, by selling directly to Colonies. King gives them a monopoly.
Parliament passes the Tea Act of 1773.
Boat arrives in Boston carrying British East India Company tea….
Boston Tea Party.

31. SECTION 4 The Intolerable Acts
To punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passes the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)
1. Boston Harbor was closed (no $$) Until they paid $$ back for lost tea.
2. Massachusetts Charter was canceled
3. No courts in Massachusetts for British officials.
4. Quartering Act
5. Gen. Gage was appointed new Governor.
Really upset the Colonists.

32. New Taxes and Tensions SECTION 4 THE INTOLERABLE ACTS Results Purpose
closed Boston Harbor
Massachusetts’s charter canceled
royal officials allowed to be tried in Britain
Quartering Act established for Boston
General Thomas Gage new governor of Massachusetts
Purpose
Causes
to force the colonists to submit to British authority
prevent any further protests
continued protests by the colonists
Boston Tea Party

33. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 6
1. How did the wars between France and Great Britain affect the British colonists in North America?
2. What region did American pioneers settle during the 1760s, and what happened as a result?
3. How did Americans react when they were taxed by Parliament, in which they were not represented?