1. Medication Administration
Dr. Jennifer Lucy, DNP, RN

2. Medication
A medication is any substance that alters physiologic function, with the potential of affecting health A substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, relief, or prevention of health alteration.

3. Indications Medications are administered for Relief of symptoms
Prophylaxis .e.g. heparin to prevent thrombosis or antibiotics to prevent infection.
Therapeutic purposes. e.g. replacement of fluids or vitamins, supportive purposes (to enable other treatments, such as anesthesia), or for pain (as in the case of narcotics like morphine).

4. Medication Rights Right patient Right medication Right dose Right time
Right route
Right frequency
Right documentation

5. Common abbreviations/ Labs
K : Potassium NG: Nasogastric
Na: Sodium SBO: Small Bowel Obstruction
LDL: IBD: Irritable Bowel Disease
HDL: 35 or above N/V nausea and vomiting
BMI:
BG: Blood Glucose
GI: Gastrointestinal
LGI: Lower gastrointestinal infection

6. Essential Parts of a Drug Order
Full name and DOB of the patient and file number
Date and time of the order is written
Legible writing
Name of the drug to be administered
Dosage of the drug
Frequency of the drug to administered
Method of administration
Signature and stamp of the physician

7. Do Not Ever…..
Do not administer medications from containers that are unmarked or illegible. Do not give medications that have changed color, appearance, or from which the container is broken or crusted. Do not leave medications unattended and accessible to patients, family or visitors

8. Abbreviations Q Day : Once daily ( Usually given in morning)
QAM : Every morning
BID: Twice daily ( In the morning and evening)
TID : Three times a day ( 8am, 12pm, 6pm)
QID: Four times a day ( 8a,12p,6p,12Midnight)
QHS: At bedtime
PRN: As needed ( No schedule, patient requests)

9. Medication Administration Record
Record that tells us what medications have been prescribed for the patient
Check for correct patient name
Check for Allergies
Check that MAR is current
Check each medication listed for correct times and dosages for administration
If medication is discontinued explanation should be written at bottom of MAR.

11. Routes of administration
Topical administration:
Medications applied to the skin and mucous membranes generally have local effects.
Applied to skin
Otic.
Optic.
Nasal.

12. Topical allergic reactions
Skin rash: Small, raised vesicles that are usually reddened; often distributed over entire body.
Pruritus: itching of the skin with or without rash.
Angioedema: edema due to increased the permeability of the blood capillaries.
Rhinitis: Inflammation of mucous membranes lining nose; causes swelling and clear, watery discharge.

13. ADMINISTERING OPHTHALMIC MEDICATIONS
Definition:
Medications are instilled in mucous membranes of eye for various therapeutic effects.
Purpose:
To treat infection.
To relieve inflammation.
To treat eye disorders such as glaucoma.
To diagnose such as foreign bodies and corneal abrasions.

14. Instill eye drops continue
Pull the lower lid down to expose the conjunctival sac
Have the pt look up and away, then squeeze the prescribed numbers of drops into the sac starting at the inner canthus
Release the patient's eyelid, and have him/ her to blink to distribute the medication.
If drops land on outer lid margins, repeat procedure

15. Instilling Eye Ointment
Gently lay a thin strip of the medication along the conjunctival sac from the inner canthus to the outer canthus. avoid touching the tip of the tube to the patient's eye. then release the eye lid and have the patient roll his eye behind closed lids to distribute the medication.

16. Administration of oral medication
Definition:
Drugs given by the oral or gastric route are absorbed into the bloodstream through the gastric or intestinal mucosa. Usually the patient swallows the drug.
Forms of oral medications:
Tablets.
Capsules.
Liquid drugs like syrup
Also available as powder, granules or oil.

17. Continue Oral Drug Medication
If using liquid medication hold the medication cup at eye level. Pour away from the label and wipe the neck.
Re-check each medication with the MAR and physician order.
Don’t use liquid medication that are cloudy or have changed in color.

18. Continue Oral Drug Medication
Ask the patient his or her name with a staff witness.
Assist the patient to a comfortable position.
Administer the medication
Remain with the client until he or she has taken all medication
Wash hands

19. Positioning The Client For Eardrop Instillation
Check in ear with otoscope first
Straighten the ear canal to help the medication reach the eardrum.
For adult, gently pull the auricle up and back.
For young child ( under three) gently pull down and back

20. EAR (OTIC) INISTILLATION
Definition:
Instill liquid medication into external auditory canal for such therapeutic effects.
Purpose:
To treat infection and inflammation.
To soften cerumen for removal.
To produce local anesthesia.
To aid in removal of foreign body trapped in the ear.

21. The Transdermal Patch

22. Other Transdermal Patches
Just peel and apply to unbroken, dry skin
Do not place if skin looks irritated
Rotate sites

23. Staple/Suture Removal
Identify patient
Washes Hands/ Dons gloves
Inspects incision site
Identifies correct suture removal device
Lifts knot gently
Cuts Suture
Pulls suture out gently
Inspects site
Cover site with dressing