1. In your warm up section, write down what you think is going on?
This is a photo of a family funeral in North Dakota in the 1890s. I talk about what I was curious about when I look at this photo. First question that occurs to me – Who is in the casket? How did that child die? Epidemic? Starvation? Wolves?  Then, who is in this family? Why so many kids? How isolated is the family?
In your warm up section, write down what you think is going on?

2. Primary and Secondary Sources
Observe
Question
Reflect

3. Learning Targets
Students will be able to analyze sources to determine point of view.
The purpose of this is so students can evaluate primary and secondary resources to determine point of view/perspectives.
History 1

4. What do you see in the photo?
This is a photo of a family funeral in North Dakota in the 1890s. I talk about what I was curious about when I look at this photo. First question that occurs to me – Who is in the casket? How did that child die? Epidemic? Starvation? Wolves?  Then, who is in this family? Why so many kids? How isolated is the family?
Observe
What do you see in the photo?

5. What questions does it raise?
This is a photo of a family funeral in North Dakota in the 1890s. I talk about what I was curious about when I look at this photo. First question that occurs to me – Who is in the casket? How did that child die? Epidemic? Starvation? Wolves?  Then, who is in this family? Why so many kids? How isolated is the family?
Question
What questions does it raise?

6. What does it tell us about this time period?
This is a photo of a family funeral in North Dakota in the 1890s. I talk about what I was curious about when I look at this photo. First question that occurs to me – Who is in the casket? How did that child die? Epidemic? Starvation? Wolves?  Then, who is in this family? Why so many kids? How isolated is the family?
Reflect
What does it tell us about this time period?

7. Different Types of Sources
There are two different types of sources
Primary- evidence from a time period or event
Secondary- someone else’s interpretation of a time period or event.
Direct Source- First Hand account
Indirect Source- Second Hand information

8. What is a Primary Source?
An informational source from the time of an event
Autobiographies
Diaries
Documents
Eyewitness accounts
Laws
Letters
Newspaper articles
Speeches
Artifacts
Oral histories
Photographs
Film footage
Art
Music

9. Why do we use primary sources?
It’s hard evidence from the time period, not information that has been passed through the telephone game of telling and retelling history.
Only your interpretation

10. Does a Primary Source have to be the original material?
No – it can be in another form, but it can’t be edited or interpreted in any way.
For example,
A picture of King Tut’s coffin
printed in a book or posted on
a website can be considered
a primary source.

11. Questions to ask yourself when looking at Primary Sources
Who wrote (or made) this?
How do they know the information they are telling me?
When did they write/ make it?
Why did they write/ make it?
Who did they write/ make it for?

12. What are Secondary Sources?
An informational source that analyzes the event.
These sources often use several primary sources to compile their information.
This is someone else’s interpretation of an event, not a first person account.
Examples
Biographies
Encyclopedias
History books
Textbooks

13. Are Secondary Sources useful?
Yes – They provide the necessary background or context to be able to interpret Primary Sources.
For example,
World Book 2005 or your Social Studies textbook can provide background information about the events leading up to the Trojan War.

14. Name that Source
Primary vs. Secondary

15. Primary or Secondary? Secondary
A copy of the USA Constitution, printed in an 8th grade text book.
Questions to ask:
When was it created?
Secondary
Secondary

16. Primary or Secondary?
Autobiographies
Primary

17. Primary or Secondary?
Encyclopedia article about the first Emperor of China.
Questions to ask:
Were the authors involved in the events they are writing about?
Secondary

18. Primary or Secondary?
Homer’s Iliad, an epic poem about the men and women of the Trojan War.
Questions to ask:
When was the Iliad written?
At the time of the War?
Years after the War ended?
Secondary

19. Primary or Secondary?
Photos of the Terracotta Soldiers from a website.
Questions to ask:
When were they made?
During the time period or event?
After the time period or event?
Primary

20. Primary or Secondary?
A journal written by an artist who made the terracotta soldiers.
Questions to ask:
When was it written?
Was the person who wrote it actually involved in the event?
Did the author get his/her information for someone else who was involved in the event?
Primary

21. Primary or Secondary? Secondary
Troy, a movie about the Trojan War starring Brad Pit.
Questions to Ask:
What was the author’s purpose:
Was this a documentary based on historical research?
Was this a film produced by Hollywood for entertainment purposes?
Secondary

22. Primary or Secondary? Artifacts from the tomb of King Tut.
Questions to ask:
When were they made?
Who made them?
Primary

23. Primary or Secondary?
A drawing of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.
Questions to ask:
Was the artist actually present at this event?
Secondary

24. Primary or Secondary?
Eyewitness accounts
Primary

25. Primary or Secondary?
Letters
Primary

26. Primary or Secondary? A journal written by the farmers who headed West

27. Primary or Secondary?
Artifacts
Primary

28. Primary or Secondary?
Art
Primary

29. Beware of Bias!
Is it possible for a Secondary Source to be completely objective (unbiased)?

30. Wikipedia’s entry on President Bush
The following passage describes his National Guard service:
In May 1968, at the height of the Vietnam War, he entered the Texas Air National Guard. He trained in the guard for two years, where he was among the last to learn to fly the F-102, a plane not used in Vietnam and due to be retired.
While this could be true, why would it be important to know that he was “among the last to learn to fly the F-102”? Is this a commentary on President Bush flying an outdated plane? Is it an unbiased point of view?

31. Encarta’s entry on President Bush
(note that Encarta lets people edit its pages but with editor approval)
Upon completing college, [Bush] became eligible for the military draft. To meet his service obligation, Bush enlisted in the Texas Air National Guard in He told the admitting officer that he wanted to become a pilot like his father, who was a highly decorated Navy flier in World War II. He did his basic training at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas, and entered a pilot-training program at Moody Air Force Base Georgia. He received favorable reports from his superiors, attained the rank of second lieutenant, and was certified to fly the F-102 jet fighter during training missions in the South and along the Gulf Coast.
Encarta doesn’t mention that President Bush being one of the last to fly the F-102, and instead notes patriotically how President Bush wanted to fly a jet like his father.

32. Depending on which article you chose to believe, your point of view of the president will be influenced

33. Processing
Create a poster depicts what is the difference between a primary and secondary?
You will need to include the following:
Definition
5 Images that are examples of each