1. Acids, Bases, and pH

2. Acid
Compound that increases the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) that are present
Usually starts with hydrogen (H) in their chemical formula
Examples:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Citric acid (H3C6H5O7)
Lactic acid (HC3H5O3)

3. Strong Acids Weak Acids Hydrochloric acid = HCl Sulfuric acid = H2SO4
Same acid in your stomach
Sulfuric acid = H2SO4
Car battery acid
Nitric acid = HNO3
Used in fertilizers and explosives
Weak Acids
Acetic acid = HC2H3O2
Acid in vinegar
Formic acid = HCOOH
Acid in stinging ants
Citric acid = H3C6H5O7
Acid in citrus fruits

4. Base
Compound that dissolves in water to increase the amount of hydroxide ions (OH-) that are present
Usually have OH in their chemical formula
Examples:
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Ammonia (NH3)

5. Strong Bases Weak Bases Sodium hydroxide = NaOH
Lye; in oven cleaner and drain cleaner
Lithium hydroxide = LiOH
Used in air purification for space crafts, submarines
Weak Bases
Ammonia = NH3
In cleaning products; terrible smell

6. pH
Value that is used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a solution
The pH scale ranges from 0-14
0 is the most acidic (strongest acids)
14 is the most basic (strongest bases)
7 is considered neutral (pure water)
Anything less than 7 is an acid
Anything greater than 7 is a base
pH is a logarithmic scale, which means a small change in pH is a big difference in acidity or alkalinity.

7. pH Scale

9. Acid + Base = Water + Salt
A reaction between an acid and a base is called a neutralization reaction
You get water (H2O) and a salt**** which is a neutral solution.
****If there are equal amounts of the same strength acid and base

10. Common Acidic and Basic Things Basic (Alkaline)
Bleach
Soap
Antacids
Household Cleaners
Wasp Stings
Acidic
Fruit (helps preserve)
Marinades (for meats)
Lactic acid (converts milk to yogurt)
Soda Pop, Coffee
Honey Bee Stings
Shampoo