1. BASES ACIDS

2.  Identify acids and bases based on their pH.  Understand and balance a Neutralization reaction. pH Neutral Neutralization Key Words

3. When dissolved in water, A/B dissociate to ions. HNO 3 (s) (aq) + NO 3 - (aq) H+H+ Hydrogen ion is responsible for acid properties. Ca(OH) 2 (s) Ca +2 (aq) + 2 (aq) OH - Hydroxide ion is responsible for base properties.

4. Measuring the Strength of Acids and Bases

5. The strength of an acid or a base is measured using the pH scale. acidic pH 0 - 6.9 low numbers mean strong acid, higher numbers mean weak acid. basic pH 7.1 - 14 low numbers means weak base, higher numbers means strong base. pH 7: neutral - not acidic, not basic.

7. Determine whether the substance is neutral, a weak or strong acid, or a weak or strong base.

8. Acid or base pH Stomach fluid 1.7 STRONG ACID Lemon juice 2.6 Vinegar 2.8 Soft drinks 3.0 Oranges 3.5 Milk 6.5 WEAK ACID Pure water 7.0 NEUTRAL Blood 7.4 WEAK BASE Sea water 7.8 Ammonia (NH 3 ) 11.0 Lye (NaOH) 14.0 STRONG BASE

9. Acids and base at home

10. 1.Citrus fruit (citric acid) 2.Vinegar (acetic acid) 3.Special cells in the stomach produce a very strong acid - hydrochloric acid (HCl).

11. 1.Window cleaner (ammonium hydroxide) NH 4 OH 2.Drain (potassium hydroxide - lye) KOH 3.Antacids (calcium hydroxide) Ca(OH) 2 Neutralizes stomach acid.

12. Neutralization Reactions

13. Neutralization reaction: Mixing acid and base - they destroy each other to form a salt (ionic bond) and water. Cl + Na NaCl + H 2 O Acid + base salt + water Neutralization is A double replacement reactions. HOH

14. Acids and bases destroy each other – neutralization Neutralization is a double replacement reaction. Products of neutralization: Water – H + of the acid plus OH - of the base. + + Acid base HOHK H2OH2O BrHOHKBr Salt - positive ion (metal) of the base and the negative ion of the acid. saltwater