1. Verba Latina

2. Latina Verba quattuor partes habent.
First Principal Part
Is the first person singular, present tense form.
E.g. amo - I love
Second Principal Part
Is the infinitive form.
E.g. amare - to love

3. Third Principal Part Fourth Principal Part
Is the first person singular, perfect tense form.
E.g. amavi - I loved
Fourth Principal Part
Is the perfect passive participle.
E.g. amatum - having been loved

4. How do you know what conjugation a verb belongs to?
There are four verb conjugations.
Look at the second principle part.

5. Look at the second principle part!
First conjugation ending: -are
Second conjugation ending: -ere
Third conjugation ending: -ere
Fourth conjugation ending: -ire

6. Normal Principle Part Endings
First: -o, -are, -avi, -atum
Second: -eo, -ere, -i, -um
Third: -o, -ere, -i, -um
Third-io: -io, -ere, -i, -um
Fourth: -io, -ire, -ivi, -itum

7. To form the present tense...
Remove -re from infinitive to form present stem.
Add these personal endings for active:
(m) / o -- mus
s -- tis
t -- nt
Add these personal endings for passive:
r -- mur
ris -- mini
tur --ntur

8. First and Second conjugations

9. Third conjugation
In third conjugation, the short -e of the stem runs away. You are left with no vowel in the stem, so an “i” takes its place.

10. Third Conjugation -io
Third conjugation is conjugated like fourth conjugation in that it has an -i in its present stem.

11. Third -io and Fourth Conjugations

12. Imperfect Tense
The imperfect tense is used for ongoing actions that occur in the past.
Use “was”/”were”, “used to” or “began to” in order to translate into English.
The sign of the imperfect tense in Latin is always -ba-.

13. First and Second Conjugations

14. Third and Fourth conjugations
In third and fourth conjugations, the short -e reappears before the -ba. In third -io and fourth conjugations, you have -ie- before the -ba.

15. Third and Fourth Conjugations

16. Future Tense The future tense is used to show future action.
Use “will” to translate into English.
The sign of the future tense in Latin is: -bo, -bi, or -bu in 1 and 2, -a or -e in 4 and 3.

17. First and Second Conjugations

18. Third and Fourth Conjugations

19. To form the perfect tense...
Remove -i from the third principle part to form perfect active stem.
Add these personal endings for active:
i -- imus
isti -- istis
it -- erunt

20. Perfect Active
amavi
amavimus
amavisti
amavistis
amavit
amaverunt

21. To form the perfect tense...
Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part according to gender of subject. (Singular: -us for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter. Plural: -I for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a for neuter.)
Use in conjunction with these forms of sum: sum sumus es estis est sunt

22. Perfect Passive

23. To form the pluperfect tense...
Remove -i from the third principle part to form perfect active stem.
Add these personal endings for active:
eram -- eramus
eras -- eratis
erat -- erant

24. Pluperfect Active

25. To form the pluperfect tense...
Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part according to gender of subject. (Singular: -us for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter. Plural: -I for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a for neuter.)
Use in conjunction with these forms of sum: eram eramus eras eratis erat erant

26. Pluperfect Passive

27. To form the future perfect tense...
Remove -i from the third principle part to form perfect active stem.
Add these personal endings for active:
ero -- erimus
eris -- eritis
erit -- erint

28. Future Perfect Active

29. To form the future perfect tense...
Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part according to gender of subject. (Singular: -us for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter. Plural: -I for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a for neuter.)
Use in conjunction with these forms of sum: ero erimus eris eritis erit erunt

30. Future Perfect Passive

32. To form the pluperfect tense passive
Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part according to gender of subject.
(Singular: -us for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter. Plural: -i for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a for neuter.)
Add these forms of sum:
eram eramus eras eratis erat erant

34. Pluperfect Passive