1. Objectives: SWBAT Differentiate fontanel, suture and sinus
Take Notes!
Differentiate fontanel, suture and sinus
Draw and label the sternum
Draw and label the vertebral column
Discuss the disorders r/t the vertebral column

2. Divisions of skeletal system
Axial
Main trunk of body
Skull
Spinal column
Ribs
Breast bone
Appendicular
Composed of the extremities
Shoulder girdle
Arm bones
Pelvic girdle
Leg bones

3. Draw and label the parts of the skull

4. List the cranial bones and the location and # of each
List the facial bones and location and # of each
Define: fontanel, suture, foramina

5. The cranium (made of 8 bones) surrounds and protects the brain
skull
Cranial bones
The cranium (made of 8 bones) surrounds and protects the brain
1 frontal
2 parietal
2 temporal
1 occipital
1 ethmoid
1 sphenoid
Facial bones (14)
1 mandible (lower jaw)
2 maxilla (upper jaw)
2 zygomatic (cheek)
2 lacrimal (inner aspect of eye)
5 nasal
2 palatine (roof of mouth)

6. Fontanels and sutures
Fontanels- “soft spots” allows for enlargement of skull as brain
development occurs (closes at around 18 months old)
Sutures- areas where the cranial bones have joined together

7. Sinuses- airspaces in skull that provide resonance of the voice
Sinuses and foramina
Sinuses- airspaces in skull that provide resonance of the voice
Foramina- opening in bone to provide passage of nerves and vessels

8. sternum Sternum (“breastbone”) has (3) sections: Manubrium Gladiolus
Xiphoid Process
During CPR, compressions
are given on the sternum

9. Vertebrae The spinal column is composed of
26 vertebrae which protect the spinal
cord and support the head and trunk.
Intervertebral Disks separate the
vertebrae and act as shock absorbers
and allow bending and twisting of the
vertebral column.
Cerv- = neck
Thorac- = chest
Lumbar= waist
Coccyx= tail bone
What is a ruptured disk?
Why do EMTs and Paramedics hold “c-spine”? Where is an epidural or lumbar puncture administered?

10. Spinal Curvatures Types Scoliosis= s-shaped; side to side
Kyphosis= “hunchback”; thoracic
Lordosis= Lower Back; lumbar; “swayback”
Cause
Poor posture, congenital birth) defect, malnutrition, degeneration of the vertebrae
Treatment
Therapeutic exercise, firm mattress, brace, surgical repair

11. Ribs (12 pair of ribs & 12 thoracic vertebrae)
True ribs
7 pair
Attach directly to sternum
False ribs
5 pair
2 of the 5 pair are “floating” and only attach to dorsal vertebrae
3 pair attach to the superior rib
Ribs= costae
Ribs attach to the sternum via
costal cartilage to form a cage which protects
the heart and lungs

12. Cerv- = neck
Thorac- = chest
Lumbar= waist
Coccyx= tail bone
Costae= ribs
How do these terms relate to the vertebral column and ribs?
How can we remember and differentiate ethmoid and sphenoid???

13. Bring a poster board to class tomorrow
Bring a poster board to class tomorrow. The activity will be a quiz grade!