1. Civil Rights

2. Brown v. Board of Education
1954 Supreme Court Case
NAACP lawyers filed suit against the Topeka, KS Board of Education on behalf of Oliver Brown
Thurgood Marshall was general council
Chief Justice Warren issued the unanimous decision
Supreme court called for the process of desegregation to begin “with all deliberate speed”

3. “To separate [black children] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to ever be undone…Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
- Chief Justice Earl Warren

4. Civil Rights Movement in the Streets
Emmett Till, a 14 year old boy murdered
Mississippi, 1955
Accused murderers found not-guilty
Fueled the Civil Rights movement

5. Civil Rights Movement in the Streets
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man, 1955
Montgomery, AL
Bus boycott that lasted 381 days
Emergence of Martin Luther King Jr.
Supreme Court rules bus system must integrate

6. Little Rock 9 Integration of Central HS opposed
National Guard blocked entry of black students into the school
President Eisenhower stepped in to ensure order

7. Civil Rights Movement in the Streets
Sit-ins, 1960
Greensboro, NC
Students from North Carolina A&T
TSU sit-ins, March 1960
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

8. Civil Rights Movement in the Streets
Freedom Rides, 1961
Washington D.C. to Alabama & Mississippi
Testing desegregation of interstate travel & accommodations
Met with violence
Kennedy forced to intervene

9. C ivil Rights Movement in the Streets
Birmingham, AL campaign, 1963
Demands for equal employment & desegregation
King’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
Bombing of Birmingham Baptist Church

10. Civil Rights Movement in the Streets
March on Washington, 1963
Freedom Summer, 1964

11. Civil Rights in the Courts
Civil Rights Act, 1964
Outlaws discrimination in employment and public facilities
Voting Rights Act, 1965
Outlaws poll tax
Provides regulation in regions where African Americans refused the ballot

12. Civil Rights Post - 1965 Northern Rage Riots in urban areas Malcolm X
Black Panthers & the Black Power movement
Poor People’s Campaign

13. So we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools…
As I have walked among the desperate, rejected and angry young men [in the ghettos of the North the last three summers] I have told them that Molotov cocktails and rifles would not solve their problems. I have tried to offer them my deepest compassion while maintaining my convictions that social change comes most meaningfully through non-violent action. But they asked—and rightly so—what about Vietnam?

14. Civil Rights Key terms: Brown v. Board of Education, Emmett Till,
Montgomery bus boycott, Little Rock Nine, Sit-ins, SNCC,
Freedom Rides, Birmingham campaign, March on Washington,
Freedom Summer, Civil Right Act, Voting Rights Act, Malcolm X,
Black Panthers, Poor People’s campaign