1. Chapter 3 American Colonies

2. England and Its Colonies
Mercantilism- A country’s goal is self-sufficiency. All countries are in a competition to get the most gold and silver.
Purpose of the colonies is to enrich England
Colonies provide a market for British goods and source of raw materials
Colonists traded with other nations (illegal). Parliament attempts to stop this.
Navigation Acts –series of laws restricting colonial trade

3. Tensions
Merchants resent trade restrictions. For years England didn’t enforce them.
Crackdown in Massachusetts=charter revoked by King Charles, becomes a royal colony
King James seeking to make colonial govt. more obedient placed Northern colonies under control of 1 royal governor. Andros, “you have no more privileges left you, than not to be sold for slaves.”

4. Glorious Revolution in England, a new king comes to pwr
Glorious Revolution in England, a new king comes to pwr. when James is chased out. Colonists hear about it and arrest Governor Andros.
Mass. Charter restored
King to appt. the governor
More religious toleration

5. England Loosens the reigns
Salutary neglect-England relaxed enforcement of most regulations in return for colonial economic loyalty
Raw materials go to England and colonists buy finished product
Seeds of self-government=Royal Governors with a local assembly. Local assembly paid the Gov. (king did not pay salary)
Colonists still considered themselves loyal subjects throughout the first ½ of the 1700’s.

6. The Agricultural South
Plantation Economy Arises=fertile soil form the Chesapeake region to Georgia
Cash crops=crops grown to sale, not for the farmer’s use
Tobacco=Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina
Rice and Indigo= South Carolina and Georgia

7. Fewer indentured servants coming, labor needs met by slaves
Diverse population because of immigration
Small farmers formed the majority of the population, the planters controlled most of the economy
By the mid 1700’s life fairly prosperous
Exceptions
Women 2nd class citizens with few legal or social rights
Indentured servants trade a life of prison or poverty in Europe for a limited term of servitude, few rights while in bondage
Fewer indentured servants coming, labor needs met by slaves
Life in Southern Society

8. Slavery becomes entrenched
Slaves meet labor needs (N.A. leave, Indentured Servants too expensive)
17th Century, Africans became part of the triangular trade,
trade network=Europe,Africa,New World
Middle Passage=voyage of slaves from Africa to New World. 20% died (cruelty, sickness, suicide)
Slavery =most common in the South % worked in fields. Cruel conditions (Virginia courts didn’t consider it murder to kill a slave during punishment)
Slavery becomes entrenched

9. The Commercial North Diversified Economy
Farms in New England small (cold winters, rocky soil)
New York and Penn=variety of crops and livestock
Industry (Especially in New England) fish, lumber, ship building
Large cities=New York, Boston, Philadelphia

10. Northern Society is Diverse
Attracts a variety of immigrants-arrive in family groups. English colonists dealt with influx of non-English speakers. Paving way for diverse American society
Crops not as labor intensive, less incentive to use slaves
Extensive use of slaves in Middle colonies
Racial prejudice common throughout colonies

11. New Ideas
Salem Witch trials cause people to question
Enlightenment=Ideas spread from Europe to colonies, especially in the north.
Science Ben Franklin-question and experiment,
Political Thoughts= Thomas Jefferson-natural rights

12. Great Awakening-Puritan church loses its grip by the early 1700s.
Church attendance down. Pur. businessmen liked the worldly goods, didn’t pay as much attention to spiritual
Religious revival
Jonathan Edwards=Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, others preach too
Brings colonists into organized churches, some new ones
Increases interest in education
Both Enlightenment and Great Awakening caused people to question traditional authority
New Ideas Continued

13. The French and Indian War
Rivals for an empire
France was Britain’s biggest rival in the struggle to build a world empire. One area of contention was the Ohio River Valley
Colonists favored Britain because the considered themselves British and they wanted to expand westward

14. France’s North American Empire
1534- Cartier=St. Lawrence river
1608-Champlain founded Quebec
1682-claim entire Mississippi Valley
French colonization mainly fur traders and Catholic priests (trade and convert)

15. French territory and British territory expands, they collide .
French build Fort Duquesne (where Pittsburg is)
British had previously granted that land (and more) to a group of wealthy planters
Send out militia led by young George Washington to build a competing stronghold-Fort Necessity.
Washington’s militia attacks a French one, French counterattacks and French and Indian war begins

16. Early French victories, used guerilla warfare, British fought in orderly lines
Eventually British turn the tide.
1759 British and some NA allies take Quebec
War over in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris
Great Britain claim all of NA east of the Mississippi
France out of virtually all of NA. Only Spain and Britain Left.