1. Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System

2. Herniated Discs(Slipped Discs)
rupture of fibrocartilage discs
caused by compression forces
occurs between L4 & L5 or L5 & 1st Sacral Vertebrae
disc protrudes and exerts pressure on spinal nerves

3. Osteoarthritis degenerative joint disease associated with aging
Characteristics:
degeneration of articular cartilage
development of bone spurs
usually effects large joints (knees, hips, etc)

5. Osteoporosis decrease in bone mass
Increase in susceptibility to fractures

6. Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine
Scoliosis = lateral curvature of the spine

8. Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine
Kyphosis = hunchback/humpback
exaggeration of thoracic curvature 8

10. Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine
Lordosis = swayback
exaggeration of lumbar curvature 10

11. Spina Bifida congenital defect usually involves the lumbar vertebrae
Symptoms mild to severe
can be diagnosed during pregnancy by sonography, amniocentesis, blood tests

12. INFANTS WITH SPINA BIFIDA

13. Classification of Bone Fractures
Closed (Simple) Fracture = bone does not break through skin
Open (Compound) Fracture = bone ends break through skin
Partial (Incomplete) Fracture = break does not completely transect bone (Greenstick Fracture)
Complete Fracture = break transects bone &divides into two or more pieces

14. Bone Fractures
Closed Reduction = re-alignment without surgical intervention
Open Reduction = re-alignment by surgical procedures 14

15. COMMON BONE FRACTURES

16. FYI: Classification of Bone Fractures
Pott’s Fracture = fracture distal end of Fibula
Colles’ Fracture = fracture of distal end of radius
Stress Fracture = fracture due repeated stress
usually caused by:
training habits(Volume-Intensity-Duration)
change in training surface
25% involve distal third of fibula

17. Sprains forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint
1st Degree Sprain = stretching of ligaments
2nd Degree Sprain = partial tearing of ligaments
3rd Degree Sprain = complete tear of ligaments

18. THE END