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Articulations CH 8.

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Presentation on theme: "Articulations CH 8."— Presentation transcript:

1 Articulations CH 8

2 Outline Joint Cavity Components Selected articulations Joint capsule
Articular cartilage Synovial membrane Joint accessory components Selected articulations Intervertebral articulations Glenohumeral joints Tibiofemoral joint Talocrural joint

3 Synovial Joint Space Space contents Degree of motion Example Yes!
Joint cavity Space contents Synovial fluid Held together w/ bands of dense regular CT- ligaments Degree of motion Freely moveable Least stable- high motility Example Knee, elbow, fingers, shoulder

4 Synovial Joint “fluid filled joint” No direct bone- bone contact
Joint cavity- persistent space between bones Diarthrosis- high degree of mobility

5

6 Joint Cavity Components
Joint capsule Articular cartilage Synovial membrane Joint accessory components Accessory Capsular ligaments Extracapsular ligaments Intracapsular ligaments Bursae Menisci Fat pads Stabilizing bones & muscles

7 Joint Capsule Dense irregular CT encloses cavity Function
Adds joint stability Refines joint motility Defines joint cavity border

8 Joint Capsule

9 Joint Capsule

10 Articular Cartilage Structure Function Modification Hyaline cartilage
Reduces friction Shock absorption Modification Synovial fluid storage Porous allows synovial fluid to be released during compression (joint motion)

11 Articular Cartilage

12 Clinical- Chondromalacia

13 Synovial Membrane Structure Function Nourishes articular cartilage
Membrane lining articular capsule Stops at articular cartilage Function Synovial fluid secretion Provides lubrication/ reduces friction Efficient motion w/out wear on bones Nourishes articular cartilage Chondrocytes acquire nutrition thru synovial fluid Why? Shock absorption Absorbs and distributes shock across articular cartilage

14 Synovial Membrane

15 Joint Accessory Components
Accessory capsular ligaments Extracapsular ligaments Intracapsular ligaments Articular discs – menisci Bursae Fat pads Muscles Bones

16 Accessory Capsular Ligaments
Distinct localized thickenings of articular capsule Work to add strength, refine motion & stabilize joints Component of capsule

17 Capsule Pubofemoral Ligament

18 Extracapsular ligaments
“outside” capsule Fibers comprise the layer of CT that is on the outside of the articular capsule Ulnar Collateral Ligament

19 Extracapsular Ligaments
Medial Collateral Ligament (knee)

20 Intracapsular ligaments
Fibers located within the articular capsule

21 Intracapsular Ligaments
Anterior Cruciate Ligament- Knee

22 Articular Discs – Menisci
Structure Fibrocartilage discs Function Change the shape of the articulating surface Refine joint movement- stabilize koint Absorb shock Channel & distribute synovial fluid Location Articulating bones of knee

23 Menisci

24 Menisci Provide better bone-bone fit

25 Menisci Refine movement- stability

26 Menisci Channel & distribute synovial fluid

27 Bursae “Fluid filled pouch” Structure Function Location
CT sacs filled with synovial fluid Lined with synovial membrane Connected or separated from joint cavity Form where ligaments or tendons rub against other tissue Function Reduce friction Absorb shock Location Areas of friction

28 Suprapatellar Bursa

29 Fat Pads Pads of fat Structure Function Location
Adipose loose connective tissue proper Function Reduce friction Fill space Location Areas of friction

30 Infrapatellar Fat Pad

31 Stabilizing Bones & Muscles
Add stability to joint

32 Clinical Applications
Synovial joint dislocation Sprain Strain Bursitis

33 Synovial Joint Dislocation
Luxation- Full dislocation Subluxation- Partial dislocation Articulating surfaces forced out of position Displacement can cause joint structure damage Cartilage, ligaments, menisci

34 Synovial Joint Dislocation

35 Synovial Joint Dislocation

36 “Double Jointed” Weakly stabilized joints
Permit greater range of motion More prone to luxation

37 Strain Overstretching or tearing of muscle or muscle connective tissue
Results from joint over extension Repair ~ 3-4 weeks

38 Sprain Overstretching or tearing of ligament or capsule
Result from joint overextension Repair- ~3-4 weeks

39

40

41

42

43 Bursitis Inflammation of the bursa Result from A direct fall or blow
Overuse Infection

44 Bursitis

45 Bursitis

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