1. BLOOD

2. It moves continuously throughout the body.
Blood
Transports materials from the digestive and respiratory systems to the cells.
It moves continuously throughout the body.

3. Blood
The fluid that carries nutrients, wastes, hormones and antibodies throughout the body.
Delivers oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Every drop contains about 250 million red blood cells
Made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

4. Blood Make-up
Plasma: Cloudy, sticky, yellowish liquid that makes up more than ½ of the blood. It is the stuff in which all of the other blood materials float.
Platelets – tiny plate-like cells that seal tears, cuts and damaged blood vessels. They thicken blood to help form blood clots which keeps us from losing too much blood.
Fibrin: Sticky mesh that traps blood cells & clots build up like a band-aid.

5. Blood Make-up
White Blood cells – Pac Man shaped cells. Helps body fight infection. Make antibodies to attack harmful bacteria, viruses and other foreign cells.
Red blood cells – more numerous, pick up oxygen in lungs and transport it throughout body.
Hemoglobin: Carries oxygen around the body and also gives blood its red color. When oxygen is used up, hemoglobin looks blue.

6. Clotting & Healing
A sharp pin pricks into your skin and punctures a small blood vessel just under the surface of your skin. Blood oozes from the cut.
Platelets clump together at the site. They release chemicals that make fibrin threads (band aid) which trap more platelets and other blood cells.
Platelets trigger chemical reactions that make clotting harder and more solid. White blood cells attack invading germs. Skin cells below multiply to repair cut.
The clot continues to dry and harden, soon becoming a scab. By the time it loosens and falls off (or is picked off) the skin and blood vessel wall will have healed any damage.

7. Capillary/ Blood Vessel

8. Blood Vessels Tube-shaped structures that move blood throughout body.
Arteries – take blood away from heart – strong, thick walls
Veins – carry blood back to the heart, thinner.
Capillaries – narrow, connect arteries with veins.

9. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure: The blood pressure is the pressure of the blood within the arteries. It is produced primarily by the contraction of the heart muscle. It's measurement is recorded by two numbers. The first (systolic pressure) is measured after the heart contracts and is highest. The second (diastolic pressure) is measured before the heart contracts and lowest. A blood pressure cuff is used to measure the pressure.
Must maintain healthy blood pressure to get blood to all parts of body.
Too low – some cells will not get oxygen and other materials.
Too high – force will weaken the vessels and require the heart to work harder to push the blood through.

10. Blood Types
There are 8 different common blood types, which are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens – substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. Since some antigens can trigger a patient's immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching.

11. +/- Blood Type
Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells.
If your blood has the protein, you're Rh positive.
If your blood lacks the protein, you're Rh negative.
Rh positive is the most common blood type.

12. Antigen
Antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism. Sometimes antigens are part of the host itself in an autoimmune disease.
Depending on which of these genetically determined proteins or antigens, known as red blood cell antigens, you inherited, you will have one of four blood types: type A, type B, type AB or type O. If you have type A blood, your red blood cells have the A antigen, and your body will produce anti B-antibodies.

13. Blood Types
There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens – A and B – on the surface of red blood cells:
Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma)
Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma)
Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma)
Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)

14. Rare Blood Types and Disorders
AB-negative: less than 1%– rarest blood type
AB-positive: 3.2 % - second rarest type
The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood.
The universal plasma donor has Type AB blood.
Anemia
Sickle cell disease.
Thalassemia.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Hemolytic anemia.
Spherocytosis.
Iron deficiency anemia.

15. Donor/Recipient Info

16. How do you get your blood type?
Everyone has an ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) and an Rh factor (positive or negative). Just like eye or hair color, our blood type is inherited from our parents.
Each biological parent donates one of two ABO genes to their child. The A and B genes are dominant and the O gene is recessive.

17. Inheritance
For example, two O blood type parents can produce a child with only O blood type.
Two parents with A blood type can produce a child with either A or O blood types.
Two parents with B blood type can produce a child with either B or O blood type.
One parent with A and another with B can produce a child with A, B, AB or O blood types.
If one parent has A and another has AB, they can either produce a child with A, B or AB blood types. If one parent has A and another has O, they can either produce a child with A or O blood types.

18. How does the body make blood?
The bone marrow produces stem cells, the building blocks that the body uses to make the different blood cells – red cells, white cells and platelets. The erythropoietin sends a message to the stem cells telling more of them to develop into red blood cells, rather than white cells or platelets.