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Vocabulary Chancellor Realpolitik Annex Kaiser Reich Social welfare
Anarchist Emigration Emancipation Electorate Free trade Repeal Home rule Provisional Premier Coalition Libel Expansionism Abolitionist Isolationism Imperialism Protectorate Sphere of influence Elite Genocide Concession Trade surplus Trade deficit Extraterritoriality Homogeneous society Indigenous Confederation Dominion Regionalism
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Nationalism and Imperialism 1800 to 1914 Chapters 23-26
31 Questions 4 Summaries
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*Nationalism a strong feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country
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Germany Napoleon Congress of Vienna Bismarck, Otto von 1862
Dissolved the Holy Roman Empire Created the Rhine Confederation Congress of Vienna Created German Confederation Controlled by Austria Bismarck, Otto von 1862 Aligned with Austria Annexed parts of Germany to control the German Confederation Insulted Napoleon III starting the Franco-Prussian War 1870
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Germany William I King of Prussia *William II
Took the title “Kaiser” meaning emperor Ushered in the second Reich (Holy Roman Empire is the 1st) *William II Expanded social welfare Transportation, electricity, public schools, etc. Expanded the army and navy to win an overseas empire Becomes Europe’s leading industrial giant
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Italy Had been a battleground for foreign and local princes
Nationalists wanted to unite due to language and customs City-states controlled by various empires N W by Austria, NE by France Catholic church Rome and central parts called the Papal lands South was the Kingdom of Two Sicily’s Kingdom of Sardinia Combined Italy under King Emmanuel II By 1870 Factionalism brought civil war Church bitter *Population increased encouraging immigration to the U.S.
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Hapsburg Empire “Austria”
Slowly declining *Nationalistic feelings of Austria’s ethnic groups... Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians, Romanians, Serbs, Croats, Hungarians and German speaking Austrians 1866 defeat by Prussia caused a split Creating Hungary-Austrian empire Coat of Arms of Austria-Hungary, adopted in 1915 to emphasize the unity of the Empire during WWI
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Ottoman Empire “Sick Old Man” ethnically diverse
*Various groups revolted Serbia 1817, Greece 1830's, others followed France, Britain, Austria began taking pieces of the Old Man
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Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.
Summary Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.
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Western Democracies Grow during the 1800's
France, Britain and United States *The people taking more governmental power British Labour leader, workers' rights campaigner and politician Keir Hardie making a speech in Trafalgar Square.
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United States National and Economic growth
*Manifest Destiny --- 4,000,000 Americans moved to western territories between 1820 and 1850 Expands from ocean to ocean Texas 1845, Mexican Secession 1848, Oregon Country 1846, Alaska 1867, Hawaii 1898 and Florida 1819 *Became the worlds leading industrial giant *Had a tradition of isolationism
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*Imperialism.....the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country *Industrialized nations enlightened economic and political power allowed them to dominate and build overseas colonial empires
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*Motives for Imperialism
Economic interests Needed raw materials New markets Immigration Political and military interests Needed resupply bases National security Humanitarian Goals Thought it was their duty to share their blessings with little brothers Social Darwinism European races superior...natural selection
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Success 1870-1914 *European’s controlled most of the world Why?
Other countries were weak—old empires declining Slave trade weakened Africa Superior technology and medical knowledge (maxim gun) Strong central government & economies
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Problems with Imperialism
*Resistance Western educated natives pushed for nationalism Anti-imperialists questioned the treatment of the colonies
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Africa Partitioned Resistance– Zulu vs Britain, Algerians vs French, E. Africa vs Germany Ethiopia survives— beats Italy ---Christian Modernized– roads, bridges, schools, weapons & training Creates and native African Elite Western trained Forged nationalist movements
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*Forms of western rule Colonies— direct or indirect rule, using military force when needed. Protectorates–local rulers had to do as told Spheres of Influence– exclusive investment or trading privileges. U.S. claimed So. America Europe claimed China and So. E. Asia
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Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.
Summary Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.
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Europeans challenge the Muslim world
Mughals in India, Ottomans in the Middle East, Safavids in Iran All in decline by mid 1700's *Reform movements Stressed religious piety Caused more internal problems
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Ottomans *Nationalism caused internal revolts
Tried to modernize but too little and too late (WWI) *Egypt borrowed to build the Suez canal 1869 Defaulted to Britain Became Britain’s protectorate
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India British East India Company *Negative effects *Positive effects
Exploited diversity to make money saw India as a market and source of raw materials encouraged cash crops — deforestation caused a famine in the late 1800's *Positive effects brought peace and order revised legal system communications & transportation increased education India did not become an independent nation until 1947
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China Prior to 1800 had a trade surplus
*Opium War 1839 led to unequal treaties Treaty of Naming Britain received a huge indemnity Britain got Hong Kong China opened 5 more ports British citizens received extraterritoriality
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Qing Dynasty 1800's in decline
Taiping Rebellion— peasant revolt Lasted 14 yrs then crushed Reform efforts thwarted by Qing’s Confucian beliefs *Boxer Rebellion 1899 Righteous Harmonious Fists Crushed by western powers and Japan China again gave up concessions 37 years more of civil and foreign wars
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Summary Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.
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Japan 1853 U.S. navy gunboats force Japan to open their ports
Ending 215 years of isolation *Tokugawa shoguns were in trouble Corruption was common Daimyo’s were land rich and cash poor Samurai were bureaucrats not fighters Merchants resented being on the bottom of society Peasants suffered under heavy taxes
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Meiji Restoration –- 1867 Daimyo and samurai revolted
Put Meiji in as emperor Lasted until 1912 *Government used the German Model All citizens equal under the law Diet (Legislature) Emperor was autocratic Bureaucracy used separate departments All men were subject to military service
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Economy— followed the western style Social changes
By 1890's was the Asia industrial powerhouse Social changes More and better schools Class distinctions outlawed but survived unofficially Literacy increased Amazing success *Homogenous society — strong sense of identity The delegates of the Iwakura mission were among the first Japanese to encounter the West after Japan emerged from a long period of international isolation in the mid-19th century. The Meiji government, which had recently overthrown Japan’s centuries-old feudal system, sent the mission around the world from 1871 to 1873 to study the economic and political systems of Western countries
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Sino-Japanese War 1894 Took control of Taiwan
Forced treaty ports in China In 1904 took control and annexed Korea (protectorate for 35yrs) Began modernizing it’s empire
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Economic Imperialism in South America
*Colonial effects Created a ruling elite Unequal trading Regionalism Church controlled huge tracts of land and privileges Foreign capital built mining, ranches, ports and railroads
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U.S. claims all of the Americas
*Monroe Doctrine — James Monroe 1823 “The American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power.” *Roosevelt Corollary late 1800's U.S. claimed “international police power” to protect U.S. interests
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Yankee Imperialism Cuba liberated 1901 Panama Canal opened 1914
revolt against Colombia
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Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.
Summary Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.
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*Impact of Imperialism
Global economy emerged dominated by the industrial nations Money economy replaced the barter system Economic dependency — colonies produce the raw materials Colony’s rose and fell with the price of the materials Did not produce enough food – famine Modernization Banking system New technology Invested huge amounts of capital
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*Cultural Impacts Modernization and westernization are the same
Schools and hospitals Undermined local healers and herbalists Religion Christianity spread world wide Not much in areas of Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Confucianism Urbanization Hurt village life Columbian Exchange expands Brazilian coffee, Sir Lankan tea, Honduran bananas, & rubber So E Asia and So America History uncovered Many ancient civilizations unearthed
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*European powers teetered on the brink of war
Interlocking treaties Military growth National ambitions
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Stay Tuned World War One Is Coming
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