1. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S
W W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N S
T E N T H E D I T I O N
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2. AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Define the key biographical characteristics.
Identify two types of ability.
Shape the behavior of others.
Distinguish between the four schedules of reinforcement.
Clarify the role of punishment in learning.
Practice self-management
Exhibit effective discipline skills.
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
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3. Biographical Characteristics
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4. Ability
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5. Dimensions of Intellectual Ability
Number aptitude
Verbal comprehension
Perceptual speed
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Spatial visualization
Memory
E X H I B I T
2-1
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6. Physical Ability
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7. Nine Physical Abilities
Strength Factors
Dynamic strength
Trunk strength
Static strength
Explosive strength
Flexibility Factors
Extent flexibility
Dynamic flexibility
Other Factors
Body coordination
Balance
Stamina
E X H I B I T
2-2
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8. Job’s Ability Requirements
The Ability-Job Fit
Ability-Job Fit
Employee’s Abilities
Job’s Ability Requirements
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9. Learning Learning Involves change Is relatively permanent
Is acquired through experience
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10. Theories of Learning Key Concepts Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned response
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11. Theories of Learning (cont’d)
Key Concepts
Reflexive (unlearned) behavior
Conditioned (learned) behavior
Reinforcement
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12. Theories of Learning (cont’d)
Key Concepts
Attention processes
Retention processes
Motor reproduction processes
Reinforcement processes
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13. Theories of Learning (cont’d)
Key Concepts
Reinforcement is required to change behavior.
Some rewards are more effective than others.
The timing of reinforcement affects learning speed and permanence.
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14. Schedules of Reinforcement
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15. Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d)
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16. Schedules of Reinforcement
Fixed-ratio
2-4
E X H I B I T
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17. Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement
2-5a
E X H I B I T
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18. Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d)
2-5b
E X H I B I T
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19. Behavior Modification
Problem-solving Model
Identify critical behaviors
Develop baseline data
Identify behavioral consequences
Apply intervention
Evaluate performance improvement
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20. OB MOD Organizational Applications
Well Pay versus Sick Pay
Reduce absenteeism by rewarding attendance, not absence.
Employee Discipline
The use of punishment can be counter-productive.
Developing Training Programs
OB MOD methods improve training effectiveness.
Self-management
Reduces the need for external management control.
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