INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLICISM

INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLICISM
Chapter 15: Holy Orders INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLICISM

1. Holy Orders: A Sacrament of Service (pp. 342-348)
ANTICIPATORY SET Identify what is revealed about the Jewish priesthood from the annunciation to Zechariah (cf. Lk 1:5-25).

BASIC QUESTIONS How does the ministerial priesthood of the Sacrament of Holy Orders relate to the common priesthood of all the faithful? What is the origin of the Sacrament of Holy Orders? What are the degrees of the Sacrament of Holy Orders, and what is the power and responsibility of each? KEY IDEAS The ministerial priesthood of Christ, conferred in the Sacrament of Holy Orders, serves the common priesthood of all the faithful through the proclamation of the Word of God and the celebration of the Sacraments. He instituted the Sacrament of Holy Orders at the Last Supper when he told the Apostles to “‘Do this in memory of me’” (Lk 22:19), that is, when he gave them the power to celebrate the Eucharist. The three levels of the Sacrament of Holy Orders are bishop, priest, and deacon.

GUIDED EXERCISE Think/Pair/Share using the following question: What does it mean to say that the service of sacramental ministry has a personal character and a collegial form (cf. CCC 879)?

FOCUS QUESTIONS What is made visible through the offices of bishop and priest? The presence of Christ as Head of the Church is made visible. What are the two types of priesthood in Christ’s Church? The two types are the common priesthood of the faithful and the ministerial priesthood. How does the laity exercise the common priesthood? The laity exercises the common priesthood by offering themselves, their work, and their activities to God in union with the Sacrifice of Christ, according to their particular states in life.

FOCUS QUESTIONS How do those in Holy Orders exercise their ministerial priesthood? Ordained ministers serve the Word of God and his Sacraments. They are the means by which Christ builds up and leads his Church in service to the common priesthood. What are the three degrees of the Sacrament of Holy Orders? They are bishop, priest, and deacon.

FOCUS QUESTION Who are the Levites? The men of the tribe of Levi were appointed priests of the Mosaic covenant because they were the only tribe to remain loyal to God during the golden-calf incident. They were subsequently responsible for leading worship and teaching and for guarding and maintaining the Temple in Jerusalem.

FOCUS QUESTIONS Who are the Old Testament elders? In the Old Testament, the elders were a group of seventy men who exercised some of the power that God gave to Moses to assist him in governing the Chosen People. Who is Melchizedek? Melchizedek was a “priest of God Most High,” who brought bread and wine to Abraham and blessed him after his return from battle (cf. Gn 14: 18–20).

FOCUS QUESTIONS When did Christ establish the Sacrament of Holy Orders? Christ established the Sacrament of Holy Orders at the Last Supper when he commanded his Apostles, “Do this in remembrance of me” (Lk 22:19). How is the mission that Christ entrusted to the Apostles handed down through all ages? His mission has been handed down through the Sacrament of Holy Orders.

FOCUS QUESTIONS What does a bishop do? A bishop usually governs a local church called a diocese (or eparchy) and shares responsibility for the good of the whole Church as a member of the college of bishops in union with and under the Pope. How does a member of the faithful become a bishop? He is appointed by the Pope.

FOCUS QUESTIONS Of whom is a bishop a successor? A bishop is a successor of the Apostles. To what extent does a bishop participate in the priesthood of Christ? A bishop participates in the fullness of the priesthood of Christ. What sacramental authority does the bishop exercise? A bishop has the authority to celebrate all of the Sacraments, including the Sacrament of Holy Orders by which a man is ordained a bishop, priest, or deacon.

FOCUS QUESTIONS What does a priest do? A priest serves his bishop either in a particular diocese or through the mission of a particular religious community. How does one become a priest? He is ordained by a bishop. To what extent does a priest participate in the priesthood of Christ? With proper authority, a priest celebrates or presides at all of the Sacraments, except Holy Orders.

FOCUS QUESTIONS What is a priest’s highest act? A priest’s highest act is the celebration of the Holy Mass. To whom does a diocesan priest pledge obedience? A diocesan priest pledges obedience to his local bishop. To whom does a religious priest pledge obedience? A religious priest pledges his obedience to his religious superior.

FOCUS QUESTION What services do deacons provide? They assist bishops and priests in the celebration of the Sacraments. At Mass, they proclaim the Gospel, preach homilies, and distribute Holy Communion. They also celebrate Baptisms, witness marriages, and perform ministries of service and charity.

GUIDED EXERCISE Work with a partner to complete the following table regarding symbols of the ministerial priesthood of Christ.

FOCUS QUESTIONS What powers do priests have that deacons do not? Deacons cannot consecrate the Eucharist, hear Confessions, or celebrate the Sacraments of the Anointing of the Sick or Confirmation; priests can do all these. What is the difference between a transitional and permanent deacon? Transitional deacons are seminarians who enter the diaconate as a step toward ordination to the priesthood, and they serve in this capacity for at least six months and usually no more than a year. Permanent deacons, by contrast, are single or married men over the age of thirty-five who are ordained to the diaconate without the intention of later receiving ordination to the priesthood. Extension: The difference is purely intention; each is equally and fully a deacon.

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Study Questions 1-7 (p. 358) Practical Exercise 2 (p. 358) Workbook Questions 1-18 Read “Celebrating Holy Orders” through “Conclusion” (pp )

CLOSURE Write a paragraph summarizing the nature of the Sacrament of Holy Orders.

ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Work with a partner to consider how the Levitical priesthood, the elders of Israel, and Melchizedek prefigure the priesthood of the New Covenant.

2. The Celebration and Effects of the Sacrament of Holy Orders (pp
ANTICIPATORY SET View part or all of the video “Fishers of Men” or some other appropriate video on the vocation to the priesthood.

BASIC QUESTIONS Who can receive Holy Orders? What are the matter, form, and minister of Holy Orders? What are the effects of Holy Orders? KEY IDEAS Candidates to Holy Orders are men called by God as discerned by the Church. The matter of Holy Orders is the laying on of hands; the form is the specific prayer used according to the level of ordination being conferred; and the minister is a validly ordained bishop. The effects of the Sacrament of Holy Orders are configuration to Christ; the conferral of the office of bishop, priest, or deacon; and the graces proper to the ordinand’s specific office.

FOCUS QUESTIONS Who may receive Holy Orders? A baptized male of mature age and excellent character with an interior and exterior vocation to the priesthood may receive the Sacrament of Holy Orders. What is an interior vocation to the priesthood? An interior vocation to the priesthood is one’s sense that he is called to this by God.

FOCUS QUESTIONS What is an exterior vocation to the priesthood? An exterior vocation to the priesthood is the discernment of a bishop or religious superior that a candidate is called to priesthood. Does anyone have a right to be ordained? No. No one has a right to be ordained; it is a call from God.

FOCUS QUESTIONS Why must a candidate for the priesthood undergo a significant period of training and discernment? He must understand the nature and responsibilities of Holy Orders; have a sound grasp of Catholic theology; and, in most cases, be willing to commit to lifelong celibacy. What is the benefit of celibacy for a Catholic priest? By remaining celibate, the priest can dedicate his mind, his heart, and his time entirely and directly to the service of God and his fellow men and women.

FOCUS QUESTION Are all Catholic priests celibate? No; in the Latin Rite, a small number of married clergymen from other Christian Churches or ecclesial communities have converted to Catholicism and been ordained as Catholic priests under an indult, or special permission. The Eastern Catholic Churches, especially outside North America, normally ordain married men to the priesthood.

FOCUS QUESTIONS What is the matter of Holy Orders? The matter of Holy Orders is the laying on of hands by the bishop. What is the form of Holy Orders? The form of Holy Orders is the consecratory prayer asking God for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit to give the gifts proper to the ministry to which the person is being ordained, whether it be a bishop, priest, or deacon. Who is the minister of Holy Orders? The minister of Holy Orders is always a bishop.

FOCUS QUESTIONS Where is the Rite of Holy Orders usually celebrated? The Rite of Holy Orders is usually celebrated at a cathedral. What is the essential Rite of Ordination in all the Catholic traditions? The essential Rite of Ordination in all Catholic traditions is the laying on of hands by the bishop(s) and the prayer of consecration.

FOCUS QUESTION What are some of the other rites that occur during a Latin Rite ordination? Other rites that occur during ordination in the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church include the presentation and election of the ordinand, instruction by the bishop, an examination of the candidate, the Litany of Saints, an anointing of the candidate, and the presentation of the gifts proper to the level of ordination being conferred.

FOCUS QUESTIONS What is the origin of the term order? In the days of the Roman Empire, the Latin word ordo referred to a governing body in which membership was considered sacred. What is the meaning of order with respect to the Sacrament of Holy Orders? It indicates that a man who has been ordained exercises a hierarchical role in the Church and has also been consecrated by a gift of the Holy Spirit into sacred service to God, the Church, and all people. What three powers does the ministerial priesthood possess, making it distinct from the common priesthood of the faithful? Only the ministerial priesthood possesses the powers of teaching, divine worship, and pastoral governance.

GUIDED EXERCISE Work with a partner to distinguish the similarities and differences between the Eastern and Western Catholic Churches in terms of celibacy for each of the three degrees of the Sacrament of Holy Orders.

FOCUS QUESTIONS Is an ordained priest guaranteed to be free from sin and error? No; ordained priests are in no way immune from sin and error. Does a priest’s sin or error impede his power to celebrate the Sacraments? No; the Sacraments are efficacious regardless of the relative holiness or sinfulness of the priest who celebrates them. This is the principle ex opere operato.

FOCUS QUESTIONS What is a monsignor? Monsignor, which means “my lord,” is a title of honor bestowed on some priests and is also a common way to address a bishop. What is an archbishop? An archbishop is a bishop who is the head of an archdiocese, which is a larger diocese having oversight of a region.

FOCUS QUESTIONS What is a cardinal? This is the title of a special papal advisor, one of whose functions is to elect a new Pope when the Holy See becomes vacant. What is reverend? This title is used for all clergy and superiors in religious life.

GUIDED EXERCISE Work with a partner to articulate in bullet points the effects of the Sacrament of Holy Orders.

FOCUS QUESTION Why does the Catholic Church ordain only men to Holy Orders? Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition have always taught that only men can be called to Holy Orders. The Church maintains this tradition in faithfulness to Christ.

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Study Questions 8-15 (p. 358) Practical Exercise 1 (p. 358) Workbook Questions 19-32

CLOSURE Write a paragraph summarizing the matter, form, minister, and effects of the Sacrament of Holy Orders.

ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Have a deacon or priest visit your class to talk about his vocation and to answer questions from students.

THE END

INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLICISM

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