1. Greeks
2000B.C. – 300 B.C.

2. Philip builds Macedonia’s Power
Northern kingdom, viewed as a barbarian foreigners
Phillip II of Macedonia

3. Philip builds Macedonia’s Power
Philip’s Army
Phillip II of Macedonia, transformed peasant military into a professional army. Developed the use of the sarissas (16-ft. long spears) in the phalanx.
Conquest of Greece
Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, Macedonia defeats the combined armies of Athens and Thebes. Greece comes under the control of foreign powers.
Phillip II of Macedonia

4. Alexander Defeats Persia
Invasion of Persia
Phillip planned to invade Persia next.
Never got the chance, he was assassinated.
His son, Alexander became king at age 20.
He would come to be known as Alexander the Great.

5. Alexander Defeats Persia
He was a brilliant general
He invaded Persia in 334 B.C.
He would eventually face off with the Persian King, Darius III (grandson of Xerxes) at the Battle of Gaugamela.
After a surprise attack, Darius had to retreat.

6. Alexander enter Egypt Alexander then liberated Egypt
He was crowned pharoah
Founded city that he named for himself: Alexandria
Located near mouth of Nile
Became center of HELLENISTIC CULTURE

7. Alexander’s Other Conquests
Alexander in India in 327 BC
Invaded the lands that Persia controlled to view his new found lands. In 11 years traveled 11,000 miles.
Alexander the Great stopped his advances into Asia and turned back because
a.      His troops ran out of supplies
b.      He had met his goal of defeating Darius
c.      His men did not want to continue.
d Darius defeated him.

8. Horrible History-Alexander the Great

9. Alexander’s Other Conquests
Alexander’s Legacy: Unchallenged Ruler of Southwest Asia and spread of Greek Culture.
After the death of Alexander, this new culture emerged that combined
Greek, Persian, Indian and Egyptian cultures.
Indo-European
Hellenistic
Euro-Asian
d. Anatolian

10. *Hellenism P= Persian I= Indian G= Greek E= Egyptian
Hellenistic = Greek
*After the death of Alexander the Great, this new culture emerged.

11. MASTERY CHECK
After the death of Alexander, this new culture emerged that combined Greek, Persian, Indian and Egyptian cultures.
Indo-European
Hellenistic
Euro-Asian
Anatolian

12. Realism in Art “Charioteer”
Originally shown with very little expression, some realism, and motionless.

13. Realism in Art
“Nike”
Later sculptors began to shape statues in more realistic appearance to show motion and movement

14. Realism in Art

15. Realism in Art
Discuss Thrower: graceful, strong, perfectly formed figure

16. Other Greeks influenced the world:
Euclid- wrote book with basic ideas of Geometry (his approach still used today)
Archimedes- Invented pulley. Also invented “Archimedes Screw”. Used to bring water from a lower level to higher level. Used to irrigate farmland.
*Alchemy- theory that develop during Hellenistic time combined spiritual and scientific ideas with the goal of creating gold and prolonging life.

17. Architecture: The Parthenon

18. Architecture: The Parthenon
Temple of Athena built in 5th Century BC
Most important surviving building of Ancient Greece
Enduring symbol of Athenian Democracy
*Shows the classical Greek ideals of balance and proportion

19. Greek Contributions to Western Civilization
Culture of the Greeks is the foundation of Western Civilization
Democracy
Olympics
Philosophy
Architecture
Art/Sculpture
Mathematics
1) Democracy – Athens (people must participate to be effective)
Oligarchy – Sparta (must control military)
2) Games, athleticism
3) Parthenon - Ideals of balance and proportion
4) Nike -
Discuss Thrower -
Charioteer -
5) Homer – Iliad & Odyssey
Socrates – “Unexamined Life is not worth living”
6) Euclid – Geometry & “The Elements”
Archimedes – Value of Pi, Invented Catapult
Pythagoras – Theory for Triangles
7) Eratosthenes – circumference of Earth
Ptolemy – Geocentric Universe
8) Polytheistic – based on family fo Gods headed by Zeus

20. Horrible History-Greek Olympics

21. Which of these is not an example of Greek influence in the United States?
a.      Architecture
b.      Olympic Games
c.      Pantheon of Gods
d Democracy