1. Obligations and Services of Government
Oligarchy- government ruled by a small group of people in their own interests.
Autocracy- system of government by one person with absolute power.
Representative Democracy- a government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf.
Direct Democracy- a government in which citizens are directly involved in the day-to-day work of governing the country.
Monarchy- kings and queens, monarchs usually come to power through their family line (hereditary).
Constitutional Monarchy- monarchy in which the power of the hereditary ruler (kings) is limited by the country’s constitution and laws.
Socialism- The government directs the completion of its economic plans in key services (like healthcare). Basic production systems are government owned, operated, and shared equally with the people.
Communism- governments own all productive resources (land and goods) and make all the major decisions. Communist governments often use force to protect their power.
Federalism
Obligations and Services of Government
Federal gov’t meets national needs, such as defense & foreign policy
State gov’t meet statewide needs, such as educational requirements
Local gov’t meet local concerns, such as running a school district
Power is shared by the national and the states. Each level of government- national and state has independent authority over people at the same time. Enumerated powers, or spelled out, are also called expressed powers. Reserved powers are powers that were set aside, or reserved, for the states only. Powers that both the national government and state’s share are called concurrent powers. In a conflict between state and federal, federal will win as it has a Supremacy Clause.

2. 1st Amendment Bill of Rights
Freedom of Religion
Congress cannot establish or setup an official religion as the faith of the U.S.
Protects the way people express their faith. People have the right to practice their faith any way they want.
Many people who first settled here did so because they did not have religious freedom.
Freedom of Speech
We can state our opinions, in public or private, without fear of being punished by the government.
This includes what we say, what we see on radio/televisions, internet messages, art, music, and even clothing.
Freedom of the Press
The government cannot censor news reports and cannot prevent information from being published or broadcast.
Originally referred to printed materials, but today it includes many other media sources, such as radio, televisions, and the Internet.
Freedom of Assembly
Right to gather for any reason, as long as the groups are peaceful. This includes meetings, rallied, clubs, political parties, labor unions, celebrations, and parades.
The government does have power to make rules about when and where these activities are held.
Freedom to Petition
Gives us the right to express ourselves to the government if we are unhappy about something and want it changed. It can be a simple or letter.
1st Amendment Bill of Rights
Second Amendment:
Right to Bear arms for a well regulated militia
Third Amendment:
Freedom from quartering (housing) soldiers
Fourth Amendment:
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. Warrants must only be issued upon probably cause, and shall be specific.
Fifth Amendment:
Criminal indictments must be by grand jury. Freedom from double jeopardy. Freedom from testifying against oneself. Right to face accusers. Right to due process. Right of just compensation for takings.
Sixth Amendment: Right to speedy trial. Right to impartial jury. Right to be informed of the charges upon which the accused is held. Right to face accusers. Right to produce witnesses for the accused. Right to legal counsel.
Seventh Amendment:
Right to jury trail in civil cases. Facts found by a jury cannot be reexamined by another court.
Eighth Amendment:
Freedom from excessive bail or fines. Freedom from cruel and unusual punishments.
Ninth Amendment:
Individual have rights in addition to the rights listed in the other amendments and Constitution. The right to privacy is among those id’ed by the US Supreme Court as bring a 9th Amendment right.
Tenth Amendment:
The federal government has only those powers specifically granted by the Constitution, any power not listed is left to the states or the people.

4. SS.7.C.3.13- Compare the constitutions of the United States and Florida.