1. Scientific Method of Reasoning
State the problem
Solve the problem
Part 2

2. Investigative Concepts
Induction
- set of experiences
- on observations
- conclusion / generalization is drawn
a. Inductive reasoning
- begins with specific
- goes to generalization
- “sour apple theory”
- argument = killer

3. Concepts, cont. Deduction - generalization or premise
- careful, systematic thinking
- moves to particular fact / consequence
a. Deductive reasoning
- begins with generalization
- goes to specific
b. Not necessarily lead to certainty

4. Concepts, cont. Classification (taxonomy)
- systematic arrangement of objects
- into categories
- traits or characteristics
Classification can be:
- natural
- logical
- arbitrary

5. Synthesis Combining separate parts / elements a. Elements
- when combined
- coherent view of crime
- and it’s solution
b. Examples:
- witnesses
- forensic examination
- records

6. Analysis Starts with the whole
- whether material substance / thought / impression
- separate the whole
- constitutional parts
- individual study
Relevant information
- three separate sources
- people / records / physical evidence

7. Hypothesis Conjecture - accounts for a set of facts - guesswork
Basis for additional investigation
- dead body found
- drug dealer
- a narcotics hit
- additional evidence can change hypothesis
- marital dispute

8. Theory Verified hypothesis
- scheme of thought with assumptions chosen to fit empirical knowledge or observation
Speculative idea or plan
- how something might be done
- formulation of apparent relationships
- underlying principles of observed phenomena
- verified to some degree
- popularly: mere conjecture / guess