1. Ch 11 National and Regional Growth
EQ: How did the new economies of the North and South, transportation improvements, the American System, the Missouri Compromise and Monroe Doctrine change America?

2. Growth After War
War of 1812 forced U.S. to create own form of industrialization, beginning 1st American Industrial Revolution
New technologies would drastically change culture of U.S.

3. The Factory System
Factory system brought workers under same roof to produce goods
Most factories were in New England because:
Water sources (streams/rivers) for power
Had ships and access to ocean to transport products
Willing workforce in area
Poor soil conditions AND shorter growing season- limited amount of crops farmers could produce

4. Improvement in Farming
Farming improvements increased farm production
Midwest grew food that was sent to Northeast
Northeast sent manufactured goods to Midwest, creating a trade network

5. The Southern Economy
While Industrial Revolution created factories in North, it helped reinforce agrarian system (farming) in South
Inventions created new staple crops (cotton) making Southern economy extremely profitable
Increased division between North and South

6. The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney created cotton gin changing course of U.S. history
Cotton gin allowed more cotton to be produced in less time AND it made production cheaper
Led to South rejecting industrialization in favor of agrarian economy

7. The Cotton Gin Southern life drastically changed by cotton gin:
1. Cotton production moved westward
2. Farmers produced only cotton because of its value
3. Native Americans pushed out of South
4. Need for more and more slaves

9. Growth of Slavery
Increased production in cotton meant larger slave population was needed
Price of cotton and slaves increased 10 times
Growing importance of cotton created society dominated by large landowners

11. A Brutal Existence Slaves faced back-breaking labor
Often separated from their families, EVEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN, as some were sold to different plantations
Few rights, not even allowed to learn to read because White Southerners feared educated slaves would rebel

12. A Brutal Existence
White slave holders tried to control slaves by passing harsh laws:
Slaves were not allowed:
To be educated
To marry
To own weapons
To hold religious services without a White person present

14. Nat Turner
Nat Turner, a slave, led revolt w/ 70+ slaves, 55 white people were killed
Turner found guilty and hung
100’s of blacks killed in revenge by whites
Harsh laws were enacted to maintain control of slaves AND SEVERELY LIMIT RIGHTS OF FREE BLACKS
White southerners knew this was NOT end of slave rebellions

15. African American Culture
Blacks developed their own culture
Family, religion, and music were VERY important
Used Spirituals (songs) to express religious beliefs or send secret messages to each other

16. United and Divided
War of 1812 created sense of unity in U.S. (nationalism.)
But slavery still divided country
Country began growing apart
Sectionalism: loyalty to your own region or section rather than to the nation as a whole.

17. American System
Henry Clay introduced his “American System”, which included:
Established protective tariff (tax) from foreign countries
Established national bank to support a single currency making trade easier (instead of each state having its own currency)
Improve transportation
The goal of this system was to make U.S. economically independent

18. The Transportation Revolution
Steamboats helped growth of new cities as people expanded westward
Linked people to distant places through travel (increased unity)
Helped economy; products could be shipped further away opening new markets
Made moving people and products easier and cheaper.

19. Roads and Canals
Efforts made to link country through roads and canals.
Erie Canal allowed farm products from Midwest to flow east and manufactured goods to flow west; leading to growth of major cities
John C. Calhoun introduced idea of a National Road:
Increased trade
Increased western settlements
Problem:
National Road difficult to build because of geographical barriers such as Appalachian Mountains and issues with Indians

21. The Missouri Compromise
For months Congress debated over the statehood of Missouri
Missouri Compromise, admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state
Compromise was a temporary fix

23. The Monroe Doctrine U.S. concerned with stopping European expansion
Fears of a European invasion in Latin America and/or North America
James Monroe issued Monroe Doctrine, stating that Americas were off limits to Europe

25. Summary!
Using 10 Sentences minimum, complete a summary answering the EQ.
Remember the EQ was: How did the new economies of the North and South, transportation improvements, the American System, the Missouri Compromise and Monroe Doctrine change America?

26. Sentence Starters
After the war of 1812, new technologies like ___________ and ___________ changed the economies of the ________ and ___________. This also changed the lives of slaves because ____(explain)_______________. However, Henry Clay a goal to _________________ by _______________________. Improvements in transportation also allowed _______________________________; yet it was John C. Calhoun who had the idea of the ________________. Finally, the __________ Compromise and the Monroe Doctrine both established rules about our land. The Missouri Compromise ___(explain)___________. The Monroe Doctrine ____(explain)____________. All these changes led to a change in America.

27. Exit Questions
1. Why did the introduction of the Cotton Gin affect the system of slavery in America?
A. Africans took jobs in factories
B. It led to better working conditions for slaves
C. It increased cotton production, also increasing the amount of slaves needed
D. Farming and slavery had almost died out, and the cotton gin brought back both farming and slavery to the South
2. Why was the cotton gin important to Southern agriculture?
A. It allowed cotton to be grown in any climate
B. It changed the way cotton cloth was manufactured in Northern factories
C. It decreased the need for slaves on plantations
D. It made cotton production a lot cheaper and cotton farming more profitable