1. The Byzantine Empire
Istanbul was Constantinople Now it's Istanbul, not Constantinople Been a long time gone, Constantinople Now it's Turkish delight on a moonlit night Every gal in Constantinople Lives in Istanbul, not Constantinople So if you've a date in Constantinople She'll be waiting in Istanbul Even old New York was once New Amsterdam Why they changed it I can't say People just liked it better that way

2. Legacy of Byzantine Empire
The “New Rome”
Enduring symbol of Roman civilization
Preservation of Greek Culture
Fostering Christianity
Introduces “caesaropapism”
Marries
Church
State

4. Origins of the Byzantine Empire
Constantine builds capital at Byzantium
Geographic: location is easy to defend
Constantine is first Christian Emperor

5. Justinian (527-65) Justinian’s Code (528-33)
Enlarged Empire into Italy and Spain with aid of able Generals like Belisarius
Rebuilds Constantinople
Hippodrome
Greens and Blues Revolt (rebuilt)
Hagia Sophia
Imperial Palace (peacock and pinecone fountain)
Museums, libraries, art treasures, marble, baths
Mese (“Middle Way”)
Theodora, his wife (I’d rather die in purple than live in white.)

7. The Government Remember Caesaropapism from Constantine? Theme system
Provinces under control of generals who are given a land grant
Peasants receive land in exchange for military service
System allowed for quick mobilization
System stabilized the countryside and allowed for expansion
Limited the accumulation of land by the wealthy
Strengthened the peasants
Centralized authority and elaborate bureaucracy
Elaborate court

8. Theme system

9. Dealing with the Muslims
Byzantines lost much of their southern territory (Egypt and Syria)
Defeated the Arab navy with “Greek fire” (advanced technology)

10. Economics
Productive agricultural economy (Depended on grain from Egypt)
Low food prices
High quality luxury goods
Government control
Restrictions on individual craft workers
Prevented monopolies
Constantinople as an entrepôt
Bezants (from Byzantium) – gold coins
Banks and partnerships

11. Social Women secluded Private tutors for boys and girls
State school system for bureaucracy
Most peasants literate but not formally educated

12. Christianity: Eastern Orthodox Church
Monasticism and asceticism (St. Basil)
Missionary work—Cyril and Methodius
Influenced by Greek classics and language
Imperial support
Iconoclasm
Schism

13. SCHISM 1054: Two Christian Traditions
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic
Service in Latin
Bible in Latin
Papal authority over Bishops
Pope claims authority over all kings and emperors
Priests may not marry
Divorce not permitted
Communion bread must be unleven (transubstantiation)
Service in Greek or vernacular
Bible in vernacular
Patriarch and Bishops head church as a group
Emperor claims authority over Patriarch and Bishops
Priests may marry
Divorce allowed under certain conditions
Communion bread should be yummy!

14. Division reflected the difference patterns of development of the two civilizations
VS.

15. Problems Plague of 542 killed 10,000 a day Enemies:
Lombards, Persians, Avars, Arabs and Turks
Large estates did not contribute tax revenue and became more independent of the government
Free-peasant class grew smaller, fewer army recruits
Ottoman Turks end Byzantine rule in 1453

17. Russians
Geography (on trade routes, but more secluded than most regions)
Slavs + Vikings = Russians
Kiev (first capital) and trade. They decline after Mongols arrive in 1054 (Golden Horde). Russia will look to the east and fall behind the west and Muslim world.

18. Influence of Byzantines and Christianity—Cyrillic alphabet stimulates conversion to Orthodox Christianity (Vladimir converts)
Vladimir

19. Yaroslav: Written laws, allied marriages
Mongols: toleration, tribute, isolation (creates eastward focus)

20. Independence: Ivan the Great—czar and boyars
Grand prince of Moscow
Refused to acknowledge Mongols
Drew inspiration from Byzantines
First czar (Caesar)
Beautified Moscow “third Rome”
Resisted by boyars – military aristocracy

21. Procopius: A Byzantine historian in a book known as the Secret History (Anekdota)
Emperor Justinian then, was deceitful, devious, false, hypocritical, two-faced, cruel, skilled in dissembling his thought, never moved to tears by either joy or pain, though he could summon them artfully at will when the occasion demanded, a liar always, not only offhand, but in writing, and when he swore sacred oaths to his subjects in their very hearing. Then he would immediately break his agreements and pledges, like the vilest of slaves, whom indeed only the fear of torture drives to confess their perjury. A faithless friend, he was a treacherous enemy, insane for murder and plunder, quarrelsome and revolutionary, easily led to anything, but never willing to listen to good counsel, quick to plan mischief and carry it out, but finding even the hearing of anything good distasteful to his ears.
POV!!!