1. Demographics

2. Demographics – Lesson Goals
Understand concepts relating to demography
Understand population trends in Canada and around the world
Global Village – Understand how globalization affects and is affected by trends relating to demographics.

3. Studying Population Population Geography Demography Demographics
The study of SPATIAL variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations over time.
Demography
The study of human population dynamics. It looks at how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration and ageing.
Demographics
A term for population characteristics. Demographics include birth rate, death rate, immigration, age, income, sex, education, occupation, religion, nationality, …

4. Studying Population
Population change over time will inevitably affect….
Political Systems
Economics
Social Structures
Environments

5. Studying Population Billions Developing countries Developed countries
Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision, medium variant.

6. Studying Population
Factors that may lead to population increase include:
Food
Health
Economic Growth
Migration

7. Studying Population Growth Rate
the number of persons added to (or subtracted from) a population due to:
natural increase (births – deaths) and
net migration (immigration – emigration).

8. Studying Population
Factors that contribute to the decline in death rate include:
Better Nutrition
Better Access to Medical Care
Improved Sanitation
Better Immunization

9. Unfortunately Effects of Population Increase Can Lead to:
Studying Population
Unfortunately Effects of Population Increase Can Lead to:
Increased poverty
Resource depletion
Medicine shortages
Urban sprawl

10. Studying Population
A specific pattern of population growth has occurred in many developed nations during the past 60 years.
Baby Boom
Births
Baby Echo
Generation Y
Generation X
1945
1965
1985
2005
2025

11. Studying Population Factors that may lead to population decline
Heavy Emigration
Disease
Famine
War
Sub-replacement Fertility
a fertility rate that is not high enough to replace an area’s population.
Sub-replacement fertility rate is 2.1 children per woman or lower.

12. Studying Population Population Decline in the past
The Black Death (The Bubonic Plague)
Other Old World Diseases (Smallpox, Measles)
Potato Famine
Population Decline today
Sub-replacement Fertility Levels
Migration

13. Studying Population Why low sub-replacement fertility rate?
Urbanization (people moving to cities have smaller families compared to those whose lives are based on agriculture in rural areas)
Contraception
Government Policies (i.e. China)
Exception: United States where natural increase rates have remained stable…
And within the US, incredible regional variations

14. Studying Population
60-81
50-59
40-49
30-39
20-29

15. Comparison of rates of pregnancy per 1000 females aged 15–19 years in Canada, England and Wales, and the United States
Country
Canada
England & Wales
United States

16. Studying Population Average Number of Children per Woman
Source: PRB, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

17. Studying Population Effects of Population Decline:
Deflation in the economy
Rise in the standard of living
Population aging
Less impact on the environment
Political power? Could go either way!

18. Studying Population
In the developed countries, there are fewer and fewer young people and more and more elderly.
Millions
Age
Males
Females
Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.

19. Studying Population
The young population of the developing countries translates to great growth potential.
Age
Males
Females
Millions
Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.

20. Studying Population
Europe is the only world region projected to decline in population by 2050.
Millions

21. Population Pyramids
A population pyramid is two back-to-back bar graphs, one showing the number of males and one showing the number of females in a particular population in five-year age groups (also called cohorts).
A great deal of information about the population broken down by age and sex can be read from a population pyramid, influencing decision making of present and future needs for the population:
Birth rate trends
Death rate trends
Number of economic dependents (<15, >65)

22. DEPENDENCY LOAD
The Dependency Load, or “dependents” are the percentage of the population who rely on the working population to support them and their education, health care, social, etc. needs. Thus, they are the non-working population of people less than 15 years and greater than 65 years.
(>15 and <65)

23. Population Pyramids
Three basic shapes of population pyramids.

24. Population Pyramids – CAN 1961
Aging Population
Depression
Baby Boom

25. Population Pyramids – CAN 2006

26. Population Pyramids – US 1990

27. Population Pyramids – US 2000

28. Population Pyramids – US 2025

29. Population Pyramids – US 2050

30. Population Pyramids – US 2100

36. Global Village
If the world were a village of 1000 people, it would include:
584 Asians
124 Africans
95 Eastern and Western Europeans
84 Latin Americans
55 former Soviets
52 North Americans
6 Australians and New Zealanders

37. Global Village The people of the village would speak: 165 Mandarin
86 English
83 Hindu/Urdu
64 Spanish
58 Russian
37 Arabic
and the remaining villagers would speak a variety of 200 other languages

38. Global Village The religion practiced by the villagers would be:
329 Christians (among them 187 Catholics, 84 Protestants, and 31 Orthodox)
178 Muslims
167 "Non religious"
60 Buddhists
45 Atheists
32 Hindus
3 Jews
and 86 of other religions

39. Global Village Financially speaking in this 1000 person community
200 people receive 75 percent of the income
Another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income.
Only 70 people of the 1000 own an automobile (although some of the 70 own more than one car).
About one-third have access to clean, safe drinking water.

40. Global Village
Looking at the social structure of the village, there are:
5 soldiers
7 teachers
1 doctor
3 refugees driven from home by war or drought
and half of the adults are illiterate

41. Global Village
The village has a total yearly budget, public and private, of over $3 million - $3,000 per person if it is distributed evenly.
Of the total $ :
$181,000 goes to weapons and warfare
$159,000 to education
$132,000 to health care

42. Global Village Nuclear Power in the Village:
The village has buried beneath it enough explosive power in nuclear weapons to blow itself to smithereens many times over. These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people.
The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety, wondering whether they can learn to get along together; and if they do, whether they might set off the weapons anyway through inattention or technical bungling; and if they ever decide to dismantle the weapons, where in the world village will they dispose of the radioactive materials of which the weapons are made?