1. Organic Marcomolecules

2. Organic Organic = contains carbon ALL living things contain carbon
So ALL living things are organic

3. Marcomolecule means “large molecule.”
are made from thousands or even hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules.
are formed by polymerization, the process in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together.

4. Example of polymerization
Smaller units, called monomers, join together to form polymers, which are large compound formed from combinations of many monomers.
Polymer=Marcomolecule

5. Organic Marcomolecules
Large molecules that contain carbon and are found in living things
Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are 1)carbohydrates 2)lipids, 3)nucleic acids, and 4)proteins.

6. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
Its monomers are called monosaccharides (one sugar)
usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 (1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen).
Are used as main source of energy.
Most end in –ose.
Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes.

7. Carbohydrates Continued
There are three types of carbohydrates:
1) Monosaccharide 2) Disaccharides 3) Polysaccharides
Single or simple sugar molecules are also called monosaccharides. (Ex. Glucose, galatose, fructose) Formula- C6H12O6
Two monosaccharides combined to form disaccharides (ex. Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose) Formula – C12H22O11
Large macromolecules formed from many monosaccharides are known as polysaccharides or complex sugars(Ex. Glycogen, Cellulose)

8. Example of Carbohydrates
Here are some examples of carbohydrates!

9. Lipids Commonly known as fats, oils, and waxes.
Its monomers are fatty acids and glycerol.
Lipids are made of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Lipids can be used to store energy.
Lipids are not soluble in water.
Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

10. Three Types of Lipids
Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Waxes

11. Three Types of Lipids
Phospholipids- two fatty acids joined to one glycerol

12. Three Types of Lipids Continued…..
Triglycerides- three fatty acids joined to one glycerol

13. Three Types of Lipids Continued…….
Waxes – many fatty acids joined to many glycerols

14. Two Types of Fats Saturated and Unsaturated
If each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon by a single bond, the lipid is said to be saturated (contains the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms)
Solid at room temp
Bad for you
Examples: Butter, Lard, Shortening

15. Two types of Fats Continued…….
If at least one carbon-carbon double bond is on a fatty acid chain, the chain is unsaturated.
Are liquid at room temp.
Examples: peanut oil, corn oil, soybean oil
Good for you

16. Two Types of Fats Cont……….
If there is more than one double bonded carbon, the chain is polyunsaturated.
Stupid good for you!!!!

17. Example of Foods that Contain Lipids

18. Are There Any Questions?