1. Reform IN YOUR OWN WORDS Give me: Definition Synonyms Examples
Wednesday- Warm-up
Reform
IN YOUR OWN WORDS Give me:
Definition
Synonyms
Examples

2. Background Information
In the 16th century, anger and frustration at the Catholic Church, combined with the spread of attractive new ideas, caused many Europeans to break away from the Catholic Church and, establish a new form of Christianity – Protestantism

3. Causes Distrust in the Church because of the Black Death
Anger at indulgences (the act of paying money to the Church to have a sin forgiven)
Anger at corruption (improper use of money) by many leaders in the Church
Stronger monarchies made the Church less important
Scientific discoveries during the Scientific Revolution challenged the teachings and power of the Church
Invention of the printing press allowed new ideas to spread much more quickly
Increase in literacy during the Renaissance allowed people to read arguments against the Church

4. The Beginnings
In response, people began to protest the Catholic Church
The movement to reform (change in order to improve) the Catholic Church was known as the Protestant Reformation
Above, people burn documents of the Catholic Church to show their protest

5. Martin Luther The most famous Protestant leader was Martin Luther
In 1517, he posted his 95 Theses (a list of what he thought was wrong with the Catholic Church) on the door of a Catholic Church in Wittenburg, Germany
He also translated The Bible into German(language of the commoner)
Luther criticized:
Indulgences
The power of the Pope
The huge wealth of the Catholic Church
Luther’s teachings later became known as Lutheranism(a branch of Protestantism)

6. Spreading the Reformation
Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press in 1450 made it possible for Luther to copy the 95 Theses and spread his beliefs
Soon, people all across Europe were reading his ideas and reform movements began in many other European countries

7. Before the Printing Press

8. John Calvin Another important Protestant leader was John Calvin
Expressed his concerns about the abuses of the French Catholic Church
Later was forced to flee France and traveled through both Switzerland and Italy
1536- published Institutes of the Christian Religion
Criticized Catholic Church
Support Protestant Reformation
Outlined how he felt people should worship God
His teachings later became known as Calvinism(branch of Protestantism)

9. Effects Weakened the power of the Pope and Catholic Church
Strengthened the power of monarchs, who had been arguing with the Church for a long time over who had more power – a king or the pope
Caused multiple violent religious wars between Catholics and Protestants
Split European countries into two groups (in general, northern European countries became Protestant, while southern European countries remained Catholic)

10. Protestant
Catholic
-Salvation is the free gift of God, you cannot earn it.
-Jesus offers salvation but you must work to get it.
-Jesus lived, was crucified and resurrected.
-Only God can forgive sins
-Popes can forgive sins.
-Communion and baptism are very important
-Regular church members help make decisions.
-Only clergy make decisions in the church.

11. The Counter Reformation
The Council of Trent- meeting of Catholic leaders to make changes in response to Reformation
Most important change: NO MORE SELLING INDULGENCES(can still have them but cannot sell them)
Both churches were now competing for members
Missionaries were sent out by both churches to find new converts
That competition soon spread from Europe to Asia and even the “New World” with the discovery of the Americas

12. Student Activity Must include: Name of person Picture
Using the materials provided you will be creating a Wanted Poster for one of the historical figures involved in the Protestant Reformation(ie Martin Luther, John Calvin, etc)
Must include:
Name of person
Picture
List of crimes committed against the church (must list at least 2)