1. The Freedom Riders

2. 1960 Supreme Court decision banned segregation on interstate buses and trains
e.g. rest rooms, waiting rooms and restaurants for travellers
1961 students decided to test these laws
Organised by a non-violent protest group called CORE

3. CORE Core - The Congress of Racial Equality Founded - 1942
Aim – fight discrimination
Method – non violent, direct action
Membership – Black and White

4. 4 May 1961, 13 members of CORE left Washington to ride to New Orleans, Louisiana in the south

5. Plan
Black students would try to use ‘whites only’ wash rooms along the route
Campaigners became known as ‘Freedom Riders’

6. Along the route… Faced heavy resistance in the South
14 May the buses arrived in Alabama
Klan was waiting
Washington
New Orleans

7. Along the route…

8. Along the route…
Anniston, Alabama the 2 buses were attacked by mob of about 200, both buses were fire bombed
Passengers trying to get off were beaten
Washington
New Orleans

9. James Peck, a member of the Freedom Rides
When the bus pulled into Anniston, it was immediately surrounded by an angry mob armed with iron bars. They set about the vehicle, denting the sides, breaking windows, and slashing tires. Finally, the police arrived and the bus managed to depart. But the mob pursued in cars. Within minutes, the pursuing mob was hitting the bus with iron bars. The rear window was broken and a bomb was hurled inside. All the passengers managed to escape before the bus burst into flames and was totally destroyed. Policemen, who had been standing by, belatedly came on the scene. A couple of them fired into the air. The mob dispersed and the injured were taken to a local hospital.
James Peck, a member of the Freedom Rides

10. Along the route…
Students travelled on to Birmingham, where they got on another interstate bus
Bus was stopped by 8 White men boarding the bus
Washington
New Orleans

11. Along the route…

12. Along the route… Students were beaten with sticks and chains
Washington
New Orleans

13. Along the route…
Freedom Riders were determined to continue with their journey to New Orleans
Police escorts were given to the Freedom Riders but this did not prevent violence
During 1961 over 1000 people took part in Freedom Rides
The Freedom Riders did not make it to New Orleans
However, they were successful in many ways….

14. How Important were the Freedom Riders?
VERY
Late 1961 US Govt ordered end of segregation in airports, rail and bus stations
Made northern White Americans more sympathetic to cause
Attacks by Klan and fire bombed buses pictured in press and on TV
LIMITED
Did little to change the real problem – Blacks had little power to change way country was run
Great deal of segregation and discrimination still existed