1. Freedom Now!
Chapter 22 Section 1

2. Nonviolence in Action
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) led by Martin Luther King Jr.
An alliance of church based Af Am organizations that wanted to end discrimination
Strategy to achieve goal was called nonviolent resistance
Borrowed the philosophies of Jesus and Gandhi

4. Sit-ins Af Am sat down and refused to leave a lunch counter
Whites taunted and attacked the demonstrators
Af Am received little help from police
Police even arrested protestors when whites attacked
Af Am remained committed to nonviolence
Many restaurants became integrated

7. Freedom Rides
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)-Northern based civil rights group
Sent an integrated group (Freedom Riders) on a bus trip to the South after the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was illegal in facilities that served interstate travelers
Goal of CORE was to draw attention to violators of the ruling

8. Freedom Rides
In Alabama, one bus was firebombed and activists were attacked as they escaped
Mob followed them to the hospital so they couldn’t be treated
Other bus was attacked outside Birmingham
Police blamed violence on Freedom Riders

9. JFK and the Freedom Riders
JFK supported constitutional rights of riders
However, urged them to end rides
didn’t want it to be the focus of his meeting with Khrushchev

10. JFK and the Freedom Riders
Instead, the riders were given protection
Were still beaten
Kennedy sent federal marshals to protect
Riders were still arrested
Robert Kennedy urged desegregation regulations to be enforced
Freedom Riders accomplished their goal

11. University of Mississippi
NAACP obtained a court order that allowed Af Am to attend “white” universities
James Meredith was prevented from registering by the Gov. of Miss.
Riots broke out when they discovered Meredith was on campus
JFK orders army to restore order
Meredith registers, is protected by guards while attending

12. Protests Albany, GA Police did not use violence
Was not a successful protest b/c no violence=no media
Birmingham, AL
Police attacked protestors
Also used children (so parents could work)
When public saw what would happen to the children, movement got more support
**Protestors were arrested during both protests**

14. March on Washington
200,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial to gain support for the civil rights movement
MLK jr. gave the famous “I have a dream” speech
Gave his vision of how the US should be

16. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Banned discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, etc.
Gave all Am. right to be served by public accommodations
Ended school segregation
Equal voting rights (15th Amendment-gave voting rights for Af Am men, but restrictions)